TY - JOUR
T1 - Terlipressin for variceal bleeding induces large plasma sodium fluctuations in patients without cirrhosis
AU - Eriksen, Peter Lykke
AU - Hartkopf-Mikkelsen, Anne Luise
AU - Ott, Peter
AU - Vilstrup, Hendrik
AU - Aagaard, Niels Kristian
PY - 2018/10/1
Y1 - 2018/10/1
N2 - Background: Terlipressin is used as pharmacological treatment for variceal bleeding. The drug’s physiological effect favours hyponatremia, and rapid changes in plasma sodium (PNa) may cause brain injury. Cirrhosis patients seem to be largely protected against this effect but patients without cirrhosis may not be so. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine whether terlipressin treatment of patients without cirrhosis leads to more serious fluctuations in PNa than in cirrhosis. Methods: In a retrospective cohort design, during a 39-month period, 11 patients with prehepatic portal hypertension and no cirrhosis and 134 patients with cirrhosis received a minimum cumulative terlipressin dose of 4mg during at least 24 hours for variceal bleeding. The groups’ PNa changes were compared. Results: During terlipressin, the non-cirrhotic patients developed a greater reduction in PNa [mean 8.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–14.6) vs. 1.8 (1.0–2.7) mmol/l; p=0.048], a lower nadir PNa [129 (123–135) vs. 133 (132–134) mmol/l; p=0.06], and within 48 hours after terlipressin a greater increase in PNa [12.6 (3.4–21.7) vs. 2.3 (1.5–3.0) mmol/l; p=0.03]. Severe (>10 mmol/l change) hyponatriemia or PNa rebound were seen in 27% of these patients but in only 4% of those with cirrhosis (p=0.02). One non-cirrhotic patient developed permanent brain damage. Conclusion: Terlipressin treatment of bleeding varices carries a high risk of potentially dangerous PNa fluctuations in patients with non-cirrhotic prehepatic portal hypertension.
AB - Background: Terlipressin is used as pharmacological treatment for variceal bleeding. The drug’s physiological effect favours hyponatremia, and rapid changes in plasma sodium (PNa) may cause brain injury. Cirrhosis patients seem to be largely protected against this effect but patients without cirrhosis may not be so. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine whether terlipressin treatment of patients without cirrhosis leads to more serious fluctuations in PNa than in cirrhosis. Methods: In a retrospective cohort design, during a 39-month period, 11 patients with prehepatic portal hypertension and no cirrhosis and 134 patients with cirrhosis received a minimum cumulative terlipressin dose of 4mg during at least 24 hours for variceal bleeding. The groups’ PNa changes were compared. Results: During terlipressin, the non-cirrhotic patients developed a greater reduction in PNa [mean 8.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–14.6) vs. 1.8 (1.0–2.7) mmol/l; p=0.048], a lower nadir PNa [129 (123–135) vs. 133 (132–134) mmol/l; p=0.06], and within 48 hours after terlipressin a greater increase in PNa [12.6 (3.4–21.7) vs. 2.3 (1.5–3.0) mmol/l; p=0.03]. Severe (>10 mmol/l change) hyponatriemia or PNa rebound were seen in 27% of these patients but in only 4% of those with cirrhosis (p=0.02). One non-cirrhotic patient developed permanent brain damage. Conclusion: Terlipressin treatment of bleeding varices carries a high risk of potentially dangerous PNa fluctuations in patients with non-cirrhotic prehepatic portal hypertension.
KW - hyponatremia
KW - non-cirrhotic prehepatic portal hypertension
KW - osmotic demyelination
KW - side effect
KW - vasopressin analogue
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047833304&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/2050640618781205
DO - 10.1177/2050640618781205
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 30288282
SN - 2050-6406
VL - 6
SP - 1199
EP - 1205
JO - United European Gastroenterology Journal
JF - United European Gastroenterology Journal
IS - 8
ER -