Species-specific responses of Late Quaternary megafauna to climate and humans

Eline D Lorenzen, David Nogués-Bravo, Ludovic Orlando, Jaco Weinstock, Jonas Binladen, Katharine A Marske, Andrew Ugan, Michael Krabbe Borregaard, M Thomas P Gilbert, Rasmus Nielsen, Simon Y W Ho, Ted Goebel, Kelly E Graf, David Byers, Jesper Stenderup, Morten Rasmussen, Paula Campos, Jennifer A Leonard, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Duane FroeseGrant Zazula, Thomas W Stafford, Kim Aaris-Sørensen, Persaram Batra, Alan M Haywood, Joy S Singarayer, Paul J Valdes, Gennady Boeskorov, James A Burns, Sergey P Davydov, James Haile, Dennis L Jenkins, Pavel Kosintsev, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Xulong Lai, Larry D Martin, H Gregory McDonald, Dick Mol, Morten Meldgaard, Kasper Munch, Elisabeth Stephan, Mikhail Sablin, Robert S Sommer, Taras Sipko, Eric Scott, Marc A Suchard, Alexei Tikhonov, Rane Willerslev, Robert K Wayne, Alan Cooper, Michael Hofreiter, Andrei Sher, Beth Shapiro, Carsten Rahbek, Eske Willerslev

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554 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

Despite decades of research, the roles of climate and humans in driving the dramatic extinctions of large-bodied mammals during the Late Quaternary period remain contentious. Here we use ancient DNA, species distribution models and the human fossil record to elucidate how climate and humans shaped the demographic history of woolly rhinoceros, woolly mammoth, wild horse, reindeer, bison and musk ox. We show that climate has been a major driver of population change over the past 50,000 years. However, each species responds differently to the effects of climatic shifts, habitat redistribution and human encroachment. Although climate change alone can explain the extinction of some species, such as Eurasian musk ox and woolly rhinoceros, a combination of climatic and anthropogenic effects appears to be responsible for the extinction of others, including Eurasian steppe bison and wild horse. We find no genetic signature or any distinctive range dynamics distinguishing extinct from surviving species, emphasizing the challenges associated with predicting future responses of extant mammals to climate and human-mediated habitat change.
OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftNature
Vol/bind479
Nummer7373
Sider (fra-til)359-64
Antal sider6
ISSN0028-0836
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2011

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