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Solving the sample size problem for resource selection functions
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avis › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review
Links
- https://doi.org/10.22541/au.164865115.53827873/v1
Indsendt manuskript
- https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432319v1.full.pdf
Indsendt manuskript
DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13701
Forlagets udgivne version
- Garrett M. Street, Mississippi State University ,
- Jonathan R. Potts, University of Sheffield ,
- Luca Börger, Swansea University ,
- James C. Beasley, University of Georgia ,
- Stephen Demarais, Mississippi State University ,
- John M. Fryxell, University of Guelph ,
- Philip D. McLoughlin, University of Saskatchewan ,
- Kevin L. Monteith, University of Wyoming ,
- Christina M. Prokopenko, Memorial University of Newfoundland ,
- Miltinho C. Ribeiro, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista ,
- Arthur R. Rodgers, Ontario Ministry of the Environment ,
- Bronson K. Strickland, Mississippi State University ,
- Floris M. van Beest
- David A. Bernasconi, University of Georgia ,
- Larissa T. Beumer ,
- Guha Dharmarajan, University of Georgia ,
- Samantha P. Dwinnell, University of Wyoming ,
- David A. Keiter, University of Georgia ,
- Alexine Keuroghlian, IUCN/SSC Peccary Specialist Group ,
- Levi J. Newediuk, Memorial University of Newfoundland ,
- Júlia Emi F. Oshima, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista ,
- Olin Rhodes, University of Georgia ,
- Peter E. Schlichting, University of Georgia ,
- Niels M. Schmidt
- Eric Vander Wal, Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sample size sufficiency is a critical consideration for estimating resource selection functions (RSFs) from GPS-based animal telemetry. Cited thresholds for sufficiency include a number of captured animals (Formula presented.) and as many relocations per animal N as possible. These thresholds render many RSF-based studies misleading if large sample sizes were truly insufficient, or unpublishable if small sample sizes were sufficient but failed to meet reviewer expectations. We provide the first comprehensive solution for RSF sample size by deriving closed-form mathematical expressions for the number of animals M and the number of relocations per animal N required for model outputs to a given degree of precision. The sample sizes needed depend on just 3 biologically meaningful quantities: habitat selection strength, variation in individual selection and a novel measure of landscape complexity, which we define rigorously. The mathematical expressions are calculable for any environmental dataset at any spatial scale and are applicable to any study involving resource selection (including sessile organisms). We validate our analytical solutions using globally relevant empirical data including 5,678,623 GPS locations from 511 animals from 10 species (omnivores, carnivores and herbivores living in boreal, temperate and tropical forests, montane woodlands, swamps and Arctic tundra). Our analytic expressions show that the required M and N must decline with increasing selection strength and increasing landscape complexity, and this decline is insensitive to the definition of availability used in the analysis. Our results demonstrate that the most biologically relevant effects on the utilization distribution (i.e. those landscape conditions with the greatest absolute magnitude of resource selection) can often be estimated with much fewer than (Formula presented.) animals. We identify several critical steps in implementing these equations, including (a) a priori selection of expected model coefficients and (b) regular sampling of background (pseudoabsence) data within a given definition of availability. We discuss possible methods to identify a priori expectations for habitat selection coefficients, effects of scale on RSF estimation and caveats for rare species applications. We argue that these equations should be a mandatory component for all future RSF studies.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
| Vol/bind | 12 |
| Nummer | 12 |
| Sider (fra-til) | 2421-2431 |
| Antal sider | 11 |
| ISSN | 2041-210X |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - dec. 2021 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
We thank the Movement Ecology Special Interest Group of The British Ecological Society for valuable discussion regarding this topic, in particular Marie Auger-M?th?. We also thank John Fieberg for providing a friendly review of an early iteration of this manuscript. GMS thanks the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES); the Forest and Wildlife Research Center (FWRC); the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA NIFA); and the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks (MDWFP) for supporting this research and associated data collection. J.R.P. thanks the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Sheffield for granting him study leave which has helped enable the research presented here. C.M.P., L.J.N. and E.V.W. respectfully acknowledge that Riding Mountain National Park is the traditional homeland of the Anishinabe People and the M?tis Nation, within Treaty 2 territory and at the crossroads of Treaties 1 and 4. Contributions of S.P.D. and B.K.S. were partially supported by the Mississippi State University Extension Service (MSUES), FWRC and MDWFP. Contributions of J.C.B., O.R., P.E.S., G.D., D.A.K. and D.A.B. were partially supported by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services (WS), National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through Cooperative Agreement number DE-FC09-07SR22506 with the University of Georgia Research Foundation. Contributions of A.R.R. and J.M.F. were supported by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (OMNRF). Contributions of K.L.M. and S.P.D. were supported by Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Muley Fanatic Foundation, Boone and Crockett Club, Wyoming Wildlife and Natural Resources Trust, Knobloch Family Foundation, Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board, Wyoming Governor?s Big Game License Coalition, Bowhunters of Wyoming, Wyoming Outfitters and Guides Association, United States Forest Service (USFS) and United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Contributions of C.M.P., L.J.N. and E.V.W. were supported primarily by Parks Canada Agency (Riding Mountain National Park of Canada) and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Contributions of F.M.v.B., L.T.B. and N.M.S. were supported by the AUFF Starting Grant (AUFF-F-2016-FLS-8-16).
Funding Information:
We thank the Movement Ecology Special Interest Group of The British Ecological Society for valuable discussion regarding this topic, in particular Marie Auger‐Méthé. We also thank John Fieberg for providing a friendly review of an early iteration of this manuscript. GMS thanks the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES); the Forest and Wildlife Research Center (FWRC); the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA NIFA); and the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks (MDWFP) for supporting this research and associated data collection. J.R.P. thanks the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Sheffield for granting him study leave which has helped enable the research presented here. C.M.P., L.J.N. and E.V.W. respectfully acknowledge that Riding Mountain National Park is the traditional homeland of the Anishinabe People and the Métis Nation, within Treaty 2 territory and at the crossroads of Treaties 1 and 4. Contributions of S.P.D. and B.K.S. were partially supported by the Mississippi State University Extension Service (MSUES), FWRC and MDWFP. Contributions of J.C.B., O.R., P.E.S., G.D., D.A.K. and D.A.B. were partially supported by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services (WS), National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through Cooperative Agreement number DE‐FC09‐07SR22506 with the University of Georgia Research Foundation. Contributions of A.R.R. and J.M.F. were supported by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (OMNRF). Contributions of K.L.M. and S.P.D. were supported by Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Muley Fanatic Foundation, Boone and Crockett Club, Wyoming Wildlife and Natural Resources Trust, Knobloch Family Foundation, Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board, Wyoming Governor’s Big Game License Coalition, Bowhunters of Wyoming, Wyoming Outfitters and Guides Association, United States Forest Service (USFS) and United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Contributions of C.M.P., L.J.N. and E.V.W. were supported primarily by Parks Canada Agency (Riding Mountain National Park of Canada) and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Contributions of F.M.v.B., L.T.B. and N.M.S. were supported by the AUFF Starting Grant (AUFF‐F‐2016‐FLS‐8‐16).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 British Ecological Society
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