TY - JOUR
T1 - Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Demonstrates Similar Nanostructure in Cortical Bone from Young Adult Animals of Different Species
AU - Kaspersen, Jorn Dovling
AU - Turunen, Mikael Juhani
AU - Mathavan, Neashan
AU - Lages, Sebastian
AU - Pedersen, Jan Skov
AU - Olsson, Ulf
AU - Isaksson, Hanna
PY - 2016/7
Y1 - 2016/7
N2 - Despite the vast amount of studies focusing on bone nanostructure that have been performed for several decades, doubts regarding the detailed structure of the constituting hydroxyapatite crystal still exist. Different experimental techniques report somewhat different sizes and locations, possibly due to different requirements for the sample preparation. In this study, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering is used to investigate the nanostructure of femur samples from young adult ovine, bovine, porcine, and murine cortical bone, including three different orthogonal directions relative to the long axis of the bone. The radially averaged scattering from all samples reveals a remarkable similarity in the entire q range, which indicates that the nanostructure is essentially the same in all species. Small differences in the data from different directions confirm that the crystals are elongated in the [001] direction and that this direction is parallel to the long axis of the bone. A model consisting of thin plates is successfully employed to describe the scattering and extract the plate thicknesses, which are found to be in the range of 20–40 Å for most samples but 40–60 Å for the cow samples. It is demonstrated that the mineral plates have a large degree of polydispersity in plate thickness. Additionally, and equally importantly, the scattering data and the model are critically evaluated in terms of model uncertainties and overall information content.
AB - Despite the vast amount of studies focusing on bone nanostructure that have been performed for several decades, doubts regarding the detailed structure of the constituting hydroxyapatite crystal still exist. Different experimental techniques report somewhat different sizes and locations, possibly due to different requirements for the sample preparation. In this study, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering is used to investigate the nanostructure of femur samples from young adult ovine, bovine, porcine, and murine cortical bone, including three different orthogonal directions relative to the long axis of the bone. The radially averaged scattering from all samples reveals a remarkable similarity in the entire q range, which indicates that the nanostructure is essentially the same in all species. Small differences in the data from different directions confirm that the crystals are elongated in the [001] direction and that this direction is parallel to the long axis of the bone. A model consisting of thin plates is successfully employed to describe the scattering and extract the plate thicknesses, which are found to be in the range of 20–40 Å for most samples but 40–60 Å for the cow samples. It is demonstrated that the mineral plates have a large degree of polydispersity in plate thickness. Additionally, and equally importantly, the scattering data and the model are critically evaluated in terms of model uncertainties and overall information content.
KW - Bone
KW - Nanostructure
KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering
KW - Wide-angle X-ray scattering
KW - Mineral thickness
KW - ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY
KW - MINERAL CRYSTALS
KW - HYDROXYAPATITE CRYSTALS
KW - ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY
KW - NEUTRON-SCATTERING
KW - COLLAGEN
KW - TISSUES
KW - APATITE
KW - SIZE
KW - ORIENTATION
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84971318144&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00223-016-0120-z
DO - 10.1007/s00223-016-0120-z
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 26914607
SN - 0171-967X
VL - 99
SP - 76
EP - 87
JO - Calcified Tissue International
JF - Calcified Tissue International
IS - 1
ER -