Site-specific effects of nitrification inhibitors on N2O emissions from manure and urea ammonium nitrate

Misato Toda; Leanne Peixoto; Helle Sørensen; Azeem Tariq; Andreas Brændholt; Line Vinther Hansen; Diego Abalos; Winnie Ntinyari; Johannes W.M. Pullens; Sander Bruun; Lars Stoumann Jensen; Jørgen E. Olesen; Søren O. Petersen

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2025.110014

Site-specific effects of nitrification inhibitors on N₂O emissions from manure and urea ammonium nitrate

Misato Toda^*
, Leanne Peixoto
, Helle Sørensen
, Azeem Tariq
, Andreas Brændholt
, Line Vinther Hansen
, Diego Abalos
, Winnie Ntinyari
, Johannes W.M. Pullens
, Sander Bruun
, Lars Stoumann Jensen
, Jørgen E. Olesen
, Søren O. Petersen

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avis › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

Abstract

Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) can be an effective measure to mitigate nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agricultural soils. Meta-analyses indicate that the efficacy of NIs is influenced by soil properties and climate, but such effects have rarely been investigated by direct comparisons across field sites. Using four experimental field sites across Denmark, this study investigated the interacting effects of fertiliser type, soil type and rainfall on N₂O emissions and effects of two different NIs after spring fertilisation of spring barley in 2022 and 2023. The fertiliser materials included cattle slurry (CS), pig slurry (PS) and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN, 2022 only), applied at recommended rates with or without 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) or 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin, NP), along with an unfertilised control. Rainfall was close to the long-term average at Askov and Vejen in 2022 but below average in the six other monitoring periods. The increase in net cumulative N₂O emissions from manure application without NIs varied between 0.16 and 1.5 kg N ha⁻¹ while with UAN it was between 0.05 and 0.46 kg N ha⁻¹. The amendment of NIs significantly reduced N₂O emissions but only the coarse sandy soil at Vejen showed consistent and large reductions with NI amendment leading to average reductions of 83 %, 67 %, and 77 % for cattle slurry, pig slurry, and UAN, respectively. Specific site effects of NI were attributed to differences in gas and solute diffusivity, and NI availability, across sites and years. In this study, NI amendment to synthetic N fertiliser and, especially, manure applied to sandy soil had the greatest N₂O mitigation potential, suggesting targeted use of NIs on sandy soil as a strategic N₂O mitigation scenario.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Artikelnummer	110014
Tidsskrift	Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
Vol/bind	396
Antal sider	10
ISSN	0167-8809
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2025.110014
Status	Udgivet - 1 feb. 2026

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Toda, M., Peixoto, L., Sørensen, H., Tariq, A., Brændholt, A., Hansen, L. V., Abalos, D., Ntinyari, W., Pullens, J. W. M., Bruun, S., Jensen, L. S., Olesen, J. E., & Petersen, S. O. (2026). Site-specific effects of nitrification inhibitors on N₂O emissions from manure and urea ammonium nitrate. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 396, Artikel 110014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2025.110014

@article{1583b334a39c443f97a2da6988833eaf,

title = "Site-specific effects of nitrification inhibitors on N2O emissions from manure and urea ammonium nitrate",

abstract = "Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) can be an effective measure to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soils. Meta-analyses indicate that the efficacy of NIs is influenced by soil properties and climate, but such effects have rarely been investigated by direct comparisons across field sites. Using four experimental field sites across Denmark, this study investigated the interacting effects of fertiliser type, soil type and rainfall on N2O emissions and effects of two different NIs after spring fertilisation of spring barley in 2022 and 2023. The fertiliser materials included cattle slurry (CS), pig slurry (PS) and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN, 2022 only), applied at recommended rates with or without 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) or 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin, NP), along with an unfertilised control. Rainfall was close to the long-term average at Askov and Vejen in 2022 but below average in the six other monitoring periods. The increase in net cumulative N2O emissions from manure application without NIs varied between 0.16 and 1.5 kg N ha−1 while with UAN it was between 0.05 and 0.46 kg N ha−1. The amendment of NIs significantly reduced N2O emissions but only the coarse sandy soil at Vejen showed consistent and large reductions with NI amendment leading to average reductions of 83 \%, 67 \%, and 77 \% for cattle slurry, pig slurry, and UAN, respectively. Specific site effects of NI were attributed to differences in gas and solute diffusivity, and NI availability, across sites and years. In this study, NI amendment to synthetic N fertiliser and, especially, manure applied to sandy soil had the greatest N2O mitigation potential, suggesting targeted use of NIs on sandy soil as a strategic N2O mitigation scenario.",

keywords = "Greenhouse gas mitigation, Liquid manure, Nitrification inhibitors, Nitrous oxide, Site-specificity, Urea ammonium nitrate",

author = "Misato Toda and Leanne Peixoto and Helle S{\o}rensen and Azeem Tariq and Andreas Br{\ae}ndholt and Hansen, \{Line Vinther\} and Diego Abalos and Winnie Ntinyari and Pullens, \{Johannes W.M.\} and Sander Bruun and Jensen, \{Lars Stoumann\} and Olesen, \{J{\o}rgen E.\} and Petersen, \{S{\o}ren O.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Authors",

year = "2026",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.agee.2025.110014",

language = "English",

volume = "396",

journal = "Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment",

issn = "0167-8809",

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Toda, M , Peixoto, L, Sørensen, H, Tariq, A, Brændholt, A, Hansen, LV , Abalos, D, Ntinyari, W, Pullens, JWM, Bruun, S, Jensen, LS, Olesen, JE & Petersen, SO 2026, 'Site-specific effects of nitrification inhibitors on N₂O emissions from manure and urea ammonium nitrate', Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, bind 396, 110014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2025.110014

TY - JOUR

T1 - Site-specific effects of nitrification inhibitors on N2O emissions from manure and urea ammonium nitrate

AU - Toda, Misato

AU - Peixoto, Leanne

AU - Sørensen, Helle

AU - Tariq, Azeem

AU - Brændholt, Andreas

AU - Hansen, Line Vinther

AU - Abalos, Diego

AU - Ntinyari, Winnie

AU - Pullens, Johannes W.M.

AU - Bruun, Sander

AU - Jensen, Lars Stoumann

AU - Olesen, Jørgen E.

AU - Petersen, Søren O.

PY - 2026/2/1

Y1 - 2026/2/1

N2 - Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) can be an effective measure to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soils. Meta-analyses indicate that the efficacy of NIs is influenced by soil properties and climate, but such effects have rarely been investigated by direct comparisons across field sites. Using four experimental field sites across Denmark, this study investigated the interacting effects of fertiliser type, soil type and rainfall on N2O emissions and effects of two different NIs after spring fertilisation of spring barley in 2022 and 2023. The fertiliser materials included cattle slurry (CS), pig slurry (PS) and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN, 2022 only), applied at recommended rates with or without 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) or 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin, NP), along with an unfertilised control. Rainfall was close to the long-term average at Askov and Vejen in 2022 but below average in the six other monitoring periods. The increase in net cumulative N2O emissions from manure application without NIs varied between 0.16 and 1.5 kg N ha−1 while with UAN it was between 0.05 and 0.46 kg N ha−1. The amendment of NIs significantly reduced N2O emissions but only the coarse sandy soil at Vejen showed consistent and large reductions with NI amendment leading to average reductions of 83 %, 67 %, and 77 % for cattle slurry, pig slurry, and UAN, respectively. Specific site effects of NI were attributed to differences in gas and solute diffusivity, and NI availability, across sites and years. In this study, NI amendment to synthetic N fertiliser and, especially, manure applied to sandy soil had the greatest N2O mitigation potential, suggesting targeted use of NIs on sandy soil as a strategic N2O mitigation scenario.

AB - Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) can be an effective measure to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soils. Meta-analyses indicate that the efficacy of NIs is influenced by soil properties and climate, but such effects have rarely been investigated by direct comparisons across field sites. Using four experimental field sites across Denmark, this study investigated the interacting effects of fertiliser type, soil type and rainfall on N2O emissions and effects of two different NIs after spring fertilisation of spring barley in 2022 and 2023. The fertiliser materials included cattle slurry (CS), pig slurry (PS) and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN, 2022 only), applied at recommended rates with or without 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) or 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin, NP), along with an unfertilised control. Rainfall was close to the long-term average at Askov and Vejen in 2022 but below average in the six other monitoring periods. The increase in net cumulative N2O emissions from manure application without NIs varied between 0.16 and 1.5 kg N ha−1 while with UAN it was between 0.05 and 0.46 kg N ha−1. The amendment of NIs significantly reduced N2O emissions but only the coarse sandy soil at Vejen showed consistent and large reductions with NI amendment leading to average reductions of 83 %, 67 %, and 77 % for cattle slurry, pig slurry, and UAN, respectively. Specific site effects of NI were attributed to differences in gas and solute diffusivity, and NI availability, across sites and years. In this study, NI amendment to synthetic N fertiliser and, especially, manure applied to sandy soil had the greatest N2O mitigation potential, suggesting targeted use of NIs on sandy soil as a strategic N2O mitigation scenario.

KW - Greenhouse gas mitigation

KW - Liquid manure

KW - Nitrification inhibitors

KW - Nitrous oxide

KW - Site-specificity

KW - Urea ammonium nitrate

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105017683179

U2 - 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110014

DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110014

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:105017683179

SN - 0167-8809

VL - 396

JO - Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

M1 - 110014

ER -