Revisiting the strategy for marine litter monitoring within the european marine strategy framework directive (MSFD)

Francois Galgani; Amy L. Lusher; Jakob Strand; Marthe Larsen Haarr; Matteo Vinci; Eugenia Molina Jack; Ralf Kagi; Stefano Aliani; Dorte Herzke; Vladimir Nikiforov; Sebastian Primpke; Natascha Schmidt; Joan Fabres; Bavo De Witte; Vilde Sørnes Solbakken; Bert van Bavel

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107254

Revisiting the strategy for marine litter monitoring within the european marine strategy framework directive (MSFD)

Francois Galgani^*, Amy L. Lusher, Jakob Strand, Marthe Larsen Haarr, Matteo Vinci, Eugenia Molina Jack, Ralf Kagi, Stefano Aliani, Dorte Herzke, Vladimir Nikiforov, Sebastian Primpke, Natascha Schmidt, Joan Fabres, Bavo De Witte, Vilde Sørnes Solbakken, Bert van Bavel

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Institut for Ecoscience - Marin biodiversitet og eksperimentel økologi

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avis › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

5 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

Marine litter and non-degradable plastic pollution is of global concern. Regular monitoring programs are being established to assess and understand the scale of this pollution. In Europe, the goal of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is to assess trends in Good Environmental Status and support large-scale actions at the regional level. Marine litter monitoring requires tailored sampling strategies, protocols and indicators, that align with specific objectives and are tailored for local or regional needs. In addition, the uneven spatial and temporal distributions of marine litter present a challenge when designing a statistically powerful monitoring program. In this paper, we critically review the existing marine litter monitoring programs in Europe. We discuss the main constraints, including environmental, logistical, scientific, and ethical factors. Additionally, we outline the critical gaps and shortcomings in monitoring MSFD beaches/shorelines, floating litter, seafloor litter, microplastics, and harm. Several priorities must be established to shape the future of monitoring within the MSFD. Recent developments in analytical approaches, including optimizing protocols and sampling strategies, gaining a better understanding of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of litter and its implications for survey design and replication, and the inclusion of newly validated methodologies that have achieved sufficient technical readiness, must be considered. Although there are well-established methods for assessing beaches, floating and seafloor litter, it will be necessary to implement monitoring schemes for microplastics in sediments and invertebrates as robust analytical methods become available for targeting smaller particle size classes. Furthermore, the inclusion of indicators for entanglement and injury to marine organisms will have to be considered in the near future. Moreover, the following actions will enhance the effectiveness of monitoring efforts: (1) creating an inventory of accumulation areas and sources of specific types of litter (e.g., fishing gear), (2) monitoring riverine inputs of litter, (3) monitoring atmospheric inputs including microplastics, (4) accidental inputs during extreme weather events, and (5) studying how species at risk may be transported by litter. We provide recommendations to support long-term, effective, and well-coordinated marine litter monitoring within the MSFD to achieve a comprehensive and accurate understanding of marine litter in EU waters. This will allow the development of measures to mitigate the impacts of marine pollution and eventually to evaluate the success of the respective measures.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Artikelnummer	107254
Tidsskrift	Ocean and Coastal Management
Vol/bind	255
ISSN	0964-5691
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107254
Status	Udgivet - sep. 2024

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10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107254Licens: CC BY-NC-ND

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Galgani, F., Lusher, A. L., Strand, J., Haarr, M. L., Vinci, M., Molina Jack, E., Kagi, R., Aliani, S., Herzke, D., Nikiforov, V., Primpke, S., Schmidt, N., Fabres, J., De Witte, B., Solbakken, V. S., & van Bavel, B. (2024). Revisiting the strategy for marine litter monitoring within the european marine strategy framework directive (MSFD). Ocean and Coastal Management, 255, Artikel 107254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107254

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title = "Revisiting the strategy for marine litter monitoring within the european marine strategy framework directive (MSFD)",

abstract = "Marine litter and non-degradable plastic pollution is of global concern. Regular monitoring programs are being established to assess and understand the scale of this pollution. In Europe, the goal of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is to assess trends in Good Environmental Status and support large-scale actions at the regional level. Marine litter monitoring requires tailored sampling strategies, protocols and indicators, that align with specific objectives and are tailored for local or regional needs. In addition, the uneven spatial and temporal distributions of marine litter present a challenge when designing a statistically powerful monitoring program. In this paper, we critically review the existing marine litter monitoring programs in Europe. We discuss the main constraints, including environmental, logistical, scientific, and ethical factors. Additionally, we outline the critical gaps and shortcomings in monitoring MSFD beaches/shorelines, floating litter, seafloor litter, microplastics, and harm. Several priorities must be established to shape the future of monitoring within the MSFD. Recent developments in analytical approaches, including optimizing protocols and sampling strategies, gaining a better understanding of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of litter and its implications for survey design and replication, and the inclusion of newly validated methodologies that have achieved sufficient technical readiness, must be considered. Although there are well-established methods for assessing beaches, floating and seafloor litter, it will be necessary to implement monitoring schemes for microplastics in sediments and invertebrates as robust analytical methods become available for targeting smaller particle size classes. Furthermore, the inclusion of indicators for entanglement and injury to marine organisms will have to be considered in the near future. Moreover, the following actions will enhance the effectiveness of monitoring efforts: (1) creating an inventory of accumulation areas and sources of specific types of litter (e.g., fishing gear), (2) monitoring riverine inputs of litter, (3) monitoring atmospheric inputs including microplastics, (4) accidental inputs during extreme weather events, and (5) studying how species at risk may be transported by litter. We provide recommendations to support long-term, effective, and well-coordinated marine litter monitoring within the MSFD to achieve a comprehensive and accurate understanding of marine litter in EU waters. This will allow the development of measures to mitigate the impacts of marine pollution and eventually to evaluate the success of the respective measures.",

keywords = "Marine litter, Microplastics, Monitoring, MSFD",

author = "Francois Galgani and Lusher, {Amy L.} and Jakob Strand and Haarr, {Marthe Larsen} and Matteo Vinci and {Molina Jack}, Eugenia and Ralf Kagi and Stefano Aliani and Dorte Herzke and Vladimir Nikiforov and Sebastian Primpke and Natascha Schmidt and Joan Fabres and {De Witte}, Bavo and Solbakken, {Vilde S{\o}rnes} and {van Bavel}, Bert",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 The Authors",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107254",

language = "English",

volume = "255",

journal = "Ocean and Coastal Management",

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Galgani, F, Lusher, AL, Strand, J, Haarr, ML, Vinci, M, Molina Jack, E, Kagi, R, Aliani, S, Herzke, D, Nikiforov, V, Primpke, S, Schmidt, N, Fabres, J, De Witte, B, Solbakken, VS & van Bavel, B 2024, 'Revisiting the strategy for marine litter monitoring within the european marine strategy framework directive (MSFD)', Ocean and Coastal Management, bind 255, 107254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107254

TY - JOUR

T1 - Revisiting the strategy for marine litter monitoring within the european marine strategy framework directive (MSFD)

AU - Galgani, Francois

AU - Lusher, Amy L.

AU - Strand, Jakob

AU - Haarr, Marthe Larsen

AU - Vinci, Matteo

AU - Molina Jack, Eugenia

AU - Kagi, Ralf

AU - Aliani, Stefano

AU - Herzke, Dorte

AU - Nikiforov, Vladimir

AU - Primpke, Sebastian

AU - Schmidt, Natascha

AU - Fabres, Joan

AU - De Witte, Bavo

AU - Solbakken, Vilde Sørnes

AU - van Bavel, Bert

PY - 2024/9

Y1 - 2024/9

N2 - Marine litter and non-degradable plastic pollution is of global concern. Regular monitoring programs are being established to assess and understand the scale of this pollution. In Europe, the goal of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is to assess trends in Good Environmental Status and support large-scale actions at the regional level. Marine litter monitoring requires tailored sampling strategies, protocols and indicators, that align with specific objectives and are tailored for local or regional needs. In addition, the uneven spatial and temporal distributions of marine litter present a challenge when designing a statistically powerful monitoring program. In this paper, we critically review the existing marine litter monitoring programs in Europe. We discuss the main constraints, including environmental, logistical, scientific, and ethical factors. Additionally, we outline the critical gaps and shortcomings in monitoring MSFD beaches/shorelines, floating litter, seafloor litter, microplastics, and harm. Several priorities must be established to shape the future of monitoring within the MSFD. Recent developments in analytical approaches, including optimizing protocols and sampling strategies, gaining a better understanding of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of litter and its implications for survey design and replication, and the inclusion of newly validated methodologies that have achieved sufficient technical readiness, must be considered. Although there are well-established methods for assessing beaches, floating and seafloor litter, it will be necessary to implement monitoring schemes for microplastics in sediments and invertebrates as robust analytical methods become available for targeting smaller particle size classes. Furthermore, the inclusion of indicators for entanglement and injury to marine organisms will have to be considered in the near future. Moreover, the following actions will enhance the effectiveness of monitoring efforts: (1) creating an inventory of accumulation areas and sources of specific types of litter (e.g., fishing gear), (2) monitoring riverine inputs of litter, (3) monitoring atmospheric inputs including microplastics, (4) accidental inputs during extreme weather events, and (5) studying how species at risk may be transported by litter. We provide recommendations to support long-term, effective, and well-coordinated marine litter monitoring within the MSFD to achieve a comprehensive and accurate understanding of marine litter in EU waters. This will allow the development of measures to mitigate the impacts of marine pollution and eventually to evaluate the success of the respective measures.

AB - Marine litter and non-degradable plastic pollution is of global concern. Regular monitoring programs are being established to assess and understand the scale of this pollution. In Europe, the goal of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is to assess trends in Good Environmental Status and support large-scale actions at the regional level. Marine litter monitoring requires tailored sampling strategies, protocols and indicators, that align with specific objectives and are tailored for local or regional needs. In addition, the uneven spatial and temporal distributions of marine litter present a challenge when designing a statistically powerful monitoring program. In this paper, we critically review the existing marine litter monitoring programs in Europe. We discuss the main constraints, including environmental, logistical, scientific, and ethical factors. Additionally, we outline the critical gaps and shortcomings in monitoring MSFD beaches/shorelines, floating litter, seafloor litter, microplastics, and harm. Several priorities must be established to shape the future of monitoring within the MSFD. Recent developments in analytical approaches, including optimizing protocols and sampling strategies, gaining a better understanding of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of litter and its implications for survey design and replication, and the inclusion of newly validated methodologies that have achieved sufficient technical readiness, must be considered. Although there are well-established methods for assessing beaches, floating and seafloor litter, it will be necessary to implement monitoring schemes for microplastics in sediments and invertebrates as robust analytical methods become available for targeting smaller particle size classes. Furthermore, the inclusion of indicators for entanglement and injury to marine organisms will have to be considered in the near future. Moreover, the following actions will enhance the effectiveness of monitoring efforts: (1) creating an inventory of accumulation areas and sources of specific types of litter (e.g., fishing gear), (2) monitoring riverine inputs of litter, (3) monitoring atmospheric inputs including microplastics, (4) accidental inputs during extreme weather events, and (5) studying how species at risk may be transported by litter. We provide recommendations to support long-term, effective, and well-coordinated marine litter monitoring within the MSFD to achieve a comprehensive and accurate understanding of marine litter in EU waters. This will allow the development of measures to mitigate the impacts of marine pollution and eventually to evaluate the success of the respective measures.

KW - Marine litter

KW - Microplastics

KW - Monitoring

KW - MSFD

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U2 - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107254

DO - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107254

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85196865722

SN - 0964-5691

VL - 255

JO - Ocean and Coastal Management

JF - Ocean and Coastal Management

M1 - 107254

ER -

Revisiting the strategy for marine litter monitoring within the european marine strategy framework directive (MSFD)

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