Residential Exposure to PM2.5 Constituents and Fecundability in a Danish Preconception Cohort

Amelia K. Wesselink*, Benjamin R. Johannesen, Tanran R. Wang, Matthias Ketzel, Ellen M. Mikkelsen, Jørgen Brandt, Jibran Khan, Ole Hertel, Anne Sofie Dam Laursen, Mary D. Willis, Jonathan I. Levy, Kenneth J. Rothman, Henrik T. Sørensen, Lauren A. Wise, Elizabeth E. Hatch

*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avisTidsskriftartikelForskningpeer review

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Abstract

Background: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that ambient concentrations of particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) are associated with reduced fecundability, the per cycle probability of conception. The specific constituents driving this association are unknown. Objectives: We examined the association between ambient concentrations of PM2.5 constituents and fecundability in a Danish preconception cohort study. Methods: During 2007–2018, we enrolled female pregnancy planners in an Internet-based preconception cohort study. We included the 5905 participants who had been trying to conceive for < 3 cycles at study enrollment. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire and follow-up questionnaires every 8 weeks to update pregnancy status. We geocoded time-varying residential addresses to estimate ambient concentrations of total PM2.5 and the following PM2.5 constituents: elemental carbon (EC), primary organic aerosol (POA), secondary organic aerosols (SOA), sulfate (SO42−), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3), and sea salt. We averaged concentrations of each pollutant across each menstrual cycle at risk. We fit proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential confounders and co-pollutants. Results: Total PM2.5 concentrations were associated with reduced fecundability (the FR for an IQR increase, corresponding to 3.2 μg/m3, was 0.93 [95% CI 0.87, 0.99]). The association was strongest for POA: the FR for an IQR increase, corresponding to 1.3 μg/m3, was 0.92 (95% CI 0.84, 1.01). The corresponding FRs for the remaining PM2.5 constituents were 0.96 (95% CI 0.87, 1.05) for EC (IQR = 0.5 μg/m3), 0.98 (95% CI 0.91, 1.06) for SOA (IQR = 0.5), 0.97 (95% CI 0.92, 1.02) for SO24− (IQR = 0.4), 0.95 (95% CI 0.91, 1.01) for NH4+ (IQR = 0.5), 0.97 (95% CI 0.93, 1.01) for NO3 (IQR = 1.0), and 1.00 (95% CI 0.95, 1.06) for sea salt (IQR = 0.4). Conclusions: In this Danish preconception cohort study, PM2.5 constituents derived from biomass and transportation-related combustion may drive the association between PM2.5 concentrations and fecundability.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftPaediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
ISSN0269-5022
DOI
StatusE-pub / Early view - 2025

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