TY - JOUR
T1 - Paläolithische Knochen- und Geweihartefakte des Spätglazials und Frühholozäns Dänemarks
T2 - Technologie und Datierung
AU - Wild, Markus
AU - Mortensen, Morten Fischer
AU - Andreasen, Niels H.
AU - Borup, Per
AU - Casati, Claudio
AU - Eriksen, Berit V.
AU - Frost, Lise
AU - Gregersen, Kristian M.
AU - Henriksen, Mogens Bo
AU - Kanstrup, Marie
AU - Olsen, Jesper
AU - Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck
AU - Petersen, Peter V.
AU - Ramskov, Conni
AU - Sørensen, Lasse
AU - Sørensen, Mikkel
AU - Wåhlin, Sidsel
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: This project was financed by the Kultur-ministeriets Forskningsudvalg grant nr. FPK.2019-0021, and supported by the National Museum of Denmark and the Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology (ZBSA, projects “Pioneers of the North” and “Transitions of Specialized Foragers (ca. 9500–5000 BCE)” funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation, project number 2901391021-SFB1266). We would like to thank all colleagues that helped us identify potential Palaeolithic artefacts in the abundant collections of the Danish museums. Furthermore, we would like to thank Beverly A. Thurber and Sharon Shellock as well as the editors and reviewers of this paper for their invaluable work.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Hugo Obermaier-Society for Quaternary Research and Archaeology of the Stone Age. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - The Danish Palaeolithic began during the Lateglacial (approximately 12,350 calBC) and lasted for about four thousand years. Only a handful of sites and organic stray finds have been precisely dated. And it is primarily on these that a preliminary chronological framework has been built. Similarly, numerous hypotheses on palaeohistory, typology, and settlement patterns have been proposed. However, due to the preservation of sediments that allow the preservation of organic materials and their exploitation during the past 170 years, abundant reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and elk (Alces alces) remains have been uncovered. Many of these are worked and at least some of which can be assigned to the Palaeolithic. These remains have, so far, been only partly studied. Here, we present a study of the complete corpus. The Lateglacial faunal collections in 33 Danish museums were assessed, and 50 reindeer and elk objects are described in detail because they are worked or were mentioned in the literature as being worked. The Palaeolithic artefacts were AMS 14C-dated and analysed together with existing datasets. The results of the study create a more robust framework for hypotheses building. A reliance on reindeer for tool production throughout the Danish Palaeolithic is confirmed, as is the two-fold occupation of Denmark during the Hamburgian. Furthermore, the new results indicate a reduction of human occupation or even possible absence of humans during the first half of the Younger Dryas, followed by an intensive re-occupation of eastern Denmark during the Preboreal. Furthermore, the analysis of the worked bone and antler materials provides new insights into the manufacturing processes. The repeated occurrence of transversely segmented reindeer antler, documenting a continuous evolution of this technique from the Late Upper Palaeolithic to the Final Palaeolithic, speaks against a clear separation of the different cultural entities.
AB - The Danish Palaeolithic began during the Lateglacial (approximately 12,350 calBC) and lasted for about four thousand years. Only a handful of sites and organic stray finds have been precisely dated. And it is primarily on these that a preliminary chronological framework has been built. Similarly, numerous hypotheses on palaeohistory, typology, and settlement patterns have been proposed. However, due to the preservation of sediments that allow the preservation of organic materials and their exploitation during the past 170 years, abundant reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and elk (Alces alces) remains have been uncovered. Many of these are worked and at least some of which can be assigned to the Palaeolithic. These remains have, so far, been only partly studied. Here, we present a study of the complete corpus. The Lateglacial faunal collections in 33 Danish museums were assessed, and 50 reindeer and elk objects are described in detail because they are worked or were mentioned in the literature as being worked. The Palaeolithic artefacts were AMS 14C-dated and analysed together with existing datasets. The results of the study create a more robust framework for hypotheses building. A reliance on reindeer for tool production throughout the Danish Palaeolithic is confirmed, as is the two-fold occupation of Denmark during the Hamburgian. Furthermore, the new results indicate a reduction of human occupation or even possible absence of humans during the first half of the Younger Dryas, followed by an intensive re-occupation of eastern Denmark during the Preboreal. Furthermore, the analysis of the worked bone and antler materials provides new insights into the manufacturing processes. The repeated occurrence of transversely segmented reindeer antler, documenting a continuous evolution of this technique from the Late Upper Palaeolithic to the Final Palaeolithic, speaks against a clear separation of the different cultural entities.
KW - Ahrensburgian
KW - Brommean
KW - Hamburgian
KW - Lateglacial
KW - Osseous technology
KW - Radiocarbon dating
KW - Reindeer
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132204525&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.7485/qu.2020.67.88925
DO - 10.7485/qu.2020.67.88925
M3 - Tidsskriftartikel
AN - SCOPUS:85132204525
SN - 0375-7471
VL - 67
SP - 105
EP - 180
JO - Quartar International Yearbook for Ice Age and Stone Age Research
JF - Quartar International Yearbook for Ice Age and Stone Age Research
ER -