TY - JOUR
T1 - On the molecular mechanism of flippase- and scramblase-mediated phospholipid transport
AU - Montigny, Cédric
AU - Lyons, Joseph
AU - Champeil, Philippe
AU - Nissen, Poul
AU - Lenoir, Guillaume
N1 - Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2016/8/1
Y1 - 2016/8/1
N2 - Phospholipid flippases are key regulators of transbilayer lipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes, critical to many trafficking and signaling pathways. P4-ATPases, in particular, are responsible for the uphill transport of phospholipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane, as well as membranes of the late secretory/endocytic pathways, thereby establishing transbilayer asymmetry. Recent studies combining cell biology and biochemical approaches have improved our understanding of the path taken by lipids through P4-ATPases. Additionally, identification of several protein families catalyzing phospholipid 'scrambling', i.e. disruption of phospholipid asymmetry through energy-independent bi-directional phospholipid transport, as well as the recent report of the structure of such a scramblase, opens the way to a deeper characterization of their mechanism of action. Here, we discuss the molecular nature of the mechanism by which lipids may 'flip' across membranes, with an emphasis on active lipid transport catalyzed by P4-ATPases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The cellular lipid landscape edited by Tim P. Levine and Anant K. Menon.
AB - Phospholipid flippases are key regulators of transbilayer lipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes, critical to many trafficking and signaling pathways. P4-ATPases, in particular, are responsible for the uphill transport of phospholipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane, as well as membranes of the late secretory/endocytic pathways, thereby establishing transbilayer asymmetry. Recent studies combining cell biology and biochemical approaches have improved our understanding of the path taken by lipids through P4-ATPases. Additionally, identification of several protein families catalyzing phospholipid 'scrambling', i.e. disruption of phospholipid asymmetry through energy-independent bi-directional phospholipid transport, as well as the recent report of the structure of such a scramblase, opens the way to a deeper characterization of their mechanism of action. Here, we discuss the molecular nature of the mechanism by which lipids may 'flip' across membranes, with an emphasis on active lipid transport catalyzed by P4-ATPases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The cellular lipid landscape edited by Tim P. Levine and Anant K. Menon.
KW - Cdc50 proteins
KW - Molecular mechanism
KW - P4-ATPases
KW - Regulation
KW - Scramblases
KW - Transbilayer lipid transport
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84960153355&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.12.020
DO - 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.12.020
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 26747647
SN - 1879-2618
VL - 1861
SP - 767
EP - 783
JO - B B A - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
JF - B B A - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
IS - 8, Part B
ER -