Gaze on the Go: Effect of Spatial Reference Frame on Visual Target Acquisition During Physical Locomotion in Extended Reality

TY - GEN

T1 - Gaze on the Go:

T2 - Effect of Spatial Reference Frame on Visual Target Acquisition During Physical Locomotion in Extended Reality

AU - Manakhov, Pavel

AU - Sidenmark, Ludwig

AU - Pfeuffer, Ken

AU - Gellersen, Hans

PY - 2024/5/11

Y1 - 2024/5/11

N2 - Spatial interaction relies on fast and accurate visual acquisition. In this work, we analyse how visual acquisition and tracking of targets presented in a head-mounted display is affected by the user moving linearly at walking and jogging paces. We study four reference frames in which targets can be presented: Head and World where targets are affixed relative to the head and environment, respectively; HeadDelay where targets are presented in the head coordinate system but follow head movement with a delay, and novel Path where targets remain at fixed distance in front of the user, in the direction of their movement. Results of our study in virtual reality demonstrate that the more stable the target is relative to the environment, the faster and more precise it can be fixated. The results have practical significance as head-mounted displays enable interaction during mobility, and in particular when eye tracking is considered as input.

AB - Spatial interaction relies on fast and accurate visual acquisition. In this work, we analyse how visual acquisition and tracking of targets presented in a head-mounted display is affected by the user moving linearly at walking and jogging paces. We study four reference frames in which targets can be presented: Head and World where targets are affixed relative to the head and environment, respectively; HeadDelay where targets are presented in the head coordinate system but follow head movement with a delay, and novel Path where targets remain at fixed distance in front of the user, in the direction of their movement. Results of our study in virtual reality demonstrate that the more stable the target is relative to the environment, the faster and more precise it can be fixated. The results have practical significance as head-mounted displays enable interaction during mobility, and in particular when eye tracking is considered as input.

KW - spatial UIs

KW - reference frames

KW - UI placement

KW - physical locomotion

KW - extended reality

KW - gaze interaction

KW - eye tracking

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85194886552&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1145/3613904.3642915

DO - 10.1145/3613904.3642915

M3 - Article in proceedings

BT - CHI 2024 - Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Sytems

PB - Association for Computing Machinery

CY - New York, NY, USA

ER -