Early host defense against virus infections

TY - JOUR

T1 - Early host defense against virus infections

AU - Paludan, Søren Riis

AU - Pradeu, Thomas

AU - Pichlmair, Andreas

AU - Wray, K. Brad

AU - Mikkelsen, Jacob Giehm

AU - Olagnier, David Pierre Christophe

AU - Mogensen, Trine Hyrup

PY - 2024/12/24

Y1 - 2024/12/24

N2 - Early host defense eliminates many viruses before infections are established while clearing others so they remain subclinical or cause only mild disease. The field of immunology has been shaped by broad concepts, including the pattern recognition theory that currently dominates innate immunology. Focusing on early host responses to virus infections, we analyze the literature to build a working hypothesis for the principles that govern the early line of cellular antiviral defense. Aiming to ultimately arrive at a criteria-based theory with strong explanatory power, we propose that both controlling infection and limiting inflammation are key drivers for the early cellular antiviral response. This response, which we suggest is exerted by a set of "microbe- and inflammation-restricting mechanisms," directly restrict viral replication while also counteracting inflammation. Exploring the mechanisms and physiological importance of the early layer of cellular antiviral defense may open further lines of research in immunology.

AB - Early host defense eliminates many viruses before infections are established while clearing others so they remain subclinical or cause only mild disease. The field of immunology has been shaped by broad concepts, including the pattern recognition theory that currently dominates innate immunology. Focusing on early host responses to virus infections, we analyze the literature to build a working hypothesis for the principles that govern the early line of cellular antiviral defense. Aiming to ultimately arrive at a criteria-based theory with strong explanatory power, we propose that both controlling infection and limiting inflammation are key drivers for the early cellular antiviral response. This response, which we suggest is exerted by a set of "microbe- and inflammation-restricting mechanisms," directly restrict viral replication while also counteracting inflammation. Exploring the mechanisms and physiological importance of the early layer of cellular antiviral defense may open further lines of research in immunology.

KW - early host defense

KW - immunology

KW - microbe- and inflammation-restricting mechanisms

KW - pattern recognition theory

KW - CP: Immunology

KW - innate immunity

KW - restriction factors

KW - antiviral defense

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85211570544&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115070

DO - 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115070

M3 - Review

C2 - 39675007

SN - 2211-1247

VL - 43

JO - Cell Reports

JF - Cell Reports

IS - 12

M1 - 115070

ER -