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Direct numerical simulation-based characterization of pseudo-random roughness in minimal channels

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DOI

  • Jiasheng Yang, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
    • ,
  • Alexander Stroh, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
    • ,
  • Daniel Chung, University of Melbourne
    • ,
  • Pourya Forooghi

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are used to systematically investigate the applicability of the minimal-channel approach (Chung et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 773, 2015, pp. 418-431) for the characterization of roughness-induced drag on irregular rough surfaces. Roughness is generated mathematically using a random algorithm, in which the power spectrum (PS) and probability density function (p.d.f.) of the surface height can be prescribed. Twelve different combinations of PS and p.d.f. are examined, and both transitionally and fully rough regimes are investigated (roughness height varies in the range -100). It is demonstrated that both the roughness function and the zero-plane displacement can be predicted with accuracy using DNS in properly sized minimal channels. Notably, when reducing the domain size, the predictions remain accurate as long as 90 % of the roughness height variance is retained. Additionally, examining the results obtained from different random realizations of roughness shows that a fixed combination of p.d.f. and PS leads to a nearly unique for deterministically different surface topographies. In addition to the global flow properties, the distribution of time-averaged surface force exerted by the roughness onto the fluid is calculated. It is shown that patterns of surface force distribution over irregular roughness can be well captured when the sheltering effect is taken into account. This is made possible by applying the sheltering model of Yang et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 789, 2016, pp. 127-165) to each specific roughness topography. Furthermore, an analysis of the coherence function between the roughness height and the surface force distributions reveals that the coherence drops at larger streamwise wavelengths, which can be an indication that very large horizontal scales contribute less to the skin-friction drag.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
ArtikelnummerA47
TidsskriftJournal of Fluid Mechanics
Vol/bind941
ISSN0022-1120
DOI
StatusUdgivet - jun. 2022

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
J.Y. and P.F. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Friedrich and Elisabeth Boysen Foundation (BOY-151). This work was performed on the supercomputer ForHLR Phase 2 and the storage facility LSDF funded by the Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts, Baden-Württemberg, and by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

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