Craniofacial shape from pre- to post-adolescence

Aleksandra Maciejewska-Turek; Małgorzata Bilińska; Hans L L Wellens; Piotr S Fudalej

doi:10.1093/ejo/cjab061

Craniofacial shape from pre- to post-adolescence

Aleksandra Maciejewska-Turek, Małgorzata Bilińska, Hans L L Wellens, Piotr S Fudalej^*

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Institut for Odontologi og Oral Sundhed - Sektion for Ortodonti

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avis › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

Abstract

AIM: Craniofacial growth demonstrates significant variation and is difficult to predict. The aim of the present investigation was twofold: (1) to assess the association (covariation) between craniofacial shape at pre- and post-adolescence and (2) to evaluate if pre-adolescent craniofacial shape is related (covaries) with growth magnitude and direction.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty subjects (86 males and 64 females) untreated orthodontically were selected from AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection. Each subject had cephalograms taken before 9 (pre-adolescent stage) and after 15 years of age (post-adolescent). Fourteen curves comprising 123 points (10 fixed and 113 sliding semilandmarks) comprehensively covering the craniofacial skeleton were digitally traced on each cephalogram. Procrustes alignment, principal component analysis, 2-block partial least squares (2B-PLS) analysis, and regression analysis were done after sliding the semilandmarks to minimize bending energy.

RESULTS: The first 16 principal components (PCs) were non-trivial and explained 85.2% of total shape variability in the sample. PC1 depicted mainly variability in the vertical direction, PC2 represented mostly variability in the saddle angle and in the antero-posterior position of the mandible, and PC3 depicted primarily variability of the mandibular shape (steep versus flat mandibular plane). The covariation between pre- and post-adolescent facial shape was statistically significant, both in the pooled sample (RV coefficient = 0.604) and in boys (RV = 0.639) and girls (RV = 0.629). The pre-adolescent shape was weakly associated with the magnitude of facial change-2-block PLS analysis demonstrated that blocks 1 and 2 were independent (P = 0.118, RV = 0.035).

CONCLUSIONS: The pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex explained approximately 60% of the post-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex; however, the relationship between pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex and magnitude of its change was weak.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	European Journal of Orthodontics
Vol/bind	44
Nummer	3
Sider (fra-til)	332-339
Antal sider	8
ISSN	0141-5387
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjab061
Status	Udgivet - maj 2022

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10.1093/ejo/cjab061

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title = "Craniofacial shape from pre- to post-adolescence",

abstract = "AIM: Craniofacial growth demonstrates significant variation and is difficult to predict. The aim of the present investigation was twofold: (1) to assess the association (covariation) between craniofacial shape at pre- and post-adolescence and (2) to evaluate if pre-adolescent craniofacial shape is related (covaries) with growth magnitude and direction.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty subjects (86 males and 64 females) untreated orthodontically were selected from AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection. Each subject had cephalograms taken before 9 (pre-adolescent stage) and after 15 years of age (post-adolescent). Fourteen curves comprising 123 points (10 fixed and 113 sliding semilandmarks) comprehensively covering the craniofacial skeleton were digitally traced on each cephalogram. Procrustes alignment, principal component analysis, 2-block partial least squares (2B-PLS) analysis, and regression analysis were done after sliding the semilandmarks to minimize bending energy.RESULTS: The first 16 principal components (PCs) were non-trivial and explained 85.2% of total shape variability in the sample. PC1 depicted mainly variability in the vertical direction, PC2 represented mostly variability in the saddle angle and in the antero-posterior position of the mandible, and PC3 depicted primarily variability of the mandibular shape (steep versus flat mandibular plane). The covariation between pre- and post-adolescent facial shape was statistically significant, both in the pooled sample (RV coefficient = 0.604) and in boys (RV = 0.639) and girls (RV = 0.629). The pre-adolescent shape was weakly associated with the magnitude of facial change-2-block PLS analysis demonstrated that blocks 1 and 2 were independent (P = 0.118, RV = 0.035).CONCLUSIONS: The pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex explained approximately 60% of the post-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex; however, the relationship between pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex and magnitude of its change was weak.",

keywords = "AGES, CEPHALOMETRIC STANDARDS, GROWTH, HERITABILITY, PREDICTION, SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM, VARIABLES, Mandible, Humans, Male, Cephalometry, Maxilla, Adolescent, Female, Face, Principal Component Analysis",

author = "Aleksandra Maciejewska-Turek and Ma{\l}gorzata Bili{\'n}ska and Wellens, {Hans L L} and Fudalej, {Piotr S}",

note = "{\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected].",

year = "2022",

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doi = "10.1093/ejo/cjab061",

language = "English",

volume = "44",

pages = "332--339",

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T1 - Craniofacial shape from pre- to post-adolescence

AU - Maciejewska-Turek, Aleksandra

AU - Bilińska, Małgorzata

AU - Wellens, Hans L L

AU - Fudalej, Piotr S

PY - 2022/5

Y1 - 2022/5

N2 - AIM: Craniofacial growth demonstrates significant variation and is difficult to predict. The aim of the present investigation was twofold: (1) to assess the association (covariation) between craniofacial shape at pre- and post-adolescence and (2) to evaluate if pre-adolescent craniofacial shape is related (covaries) with growth magnitude and direction.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty subjects (86 males and 64 females) untreated orthodontically were selected from AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection. Each subject had cephalograms taken before 9 (pre-adolescent stage) and after 15 years of age (post-adolescent). Fourteen curves comprising 123 points (10 fixed and 113 sliding semilandmarks) comprehensively covering the craniofacial skeleton were digitally traced on each cephalogram. Procrustes alignment, principal component analysis, 2-block partial least squares (2B-PLS) analysis, and regression analysis were done after sliding the semilandmarks to minimize bending energy.RESULTS: The first 16 principal components (PCs) were non-trivial and explained 85.2% of total shape variability in the sample. PC1 depicted mainly variability in the vertical direction, PC2 represented mostly variability in the saddle angle and in the antero-posterior position of the mandible, and PC3 depicted primarily variability of the mandibular shape (steep versus flat mandibular plane). The covariation between pre- and post-adolescent facial shape was statistically significant, both in the pooled sample (RV coefficient = 0.604) and in boys (RV = 0.639) and girls (RV = 0.629). The pre-adolescent shape was weakly associated with the magnitude of facial change-2-block PLS analysis demonstrated that blocks 1 and 2 were independent (P = 0.118, RV = 0.035).CONCLUSIONS: The pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex explained approximately 60% of the post-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex; however, the relationship between pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex and magnitude of its change was weak.

AB - AIM: Craniofacial growth demonstrates significant variation and is difficult to predict. The aim of the present investigation was twofold: (1) to assess the association (covariation) between craniofacial shape at pre- and post-adolescence and (2) to evaluate if pre-adolescent craniofacial shape is related (covaries) with growth magnitude and direction.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty subjects (86 males and 64 females) untreated orthodontically were selected from AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection. Each subject had cephalograms taken before 9 (pre-adolescent stage) and after 15 years of age (post-adolescent). Fourteen curves comprising 123 points (10 fixed and 113 sliding semilandmarks) comprehensively covering the craniofacial skeleton were digitally traced on each cephalogram. Procrustes alignment, principal component analysis, 2-block partial least squares (2B-PLS) analysis, and regression analysis were done after sliding the semilandmarks to minimize bending energy.RESULTS: The first 16 principal components (PCs) were non-trivial and explained 85.2% of total shape variability in the sample. PC1 depicted mainly variability in the vertical direction, PC2 represented mostly variability in the saddle angle and in the antero-posterior position of the mandible, and PC3 depicted primarily variability of the mandibular shape (steep versus flat mandibular plane). The covariation between pre- and post-adolescent facial shape was statistically significant, both in the pooled sample (RV coefficient = 0.604) and in boys (RV = 0.639) and girls (RV = 0.629). The pre-adolescent shape was weakly associated with the magnitude of facial change-2-block PLS analysis demonstrated that blocks 1 and 2 were independent (P = 0.118, RV = 0.035).CONCLUSIONS: The pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex explained approximately 60% of the post-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex; however, the relationship between pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex and magnitude of its change was weak.

KW - AGES

KW - CEPHALOMETRIC STANDARDS

KW - GROWTH

KW - HERITABILITY

KW - PREDICTION

KW - SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM

KW - VARIABLES

KW - Mandible

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Cephalometry

KW - Maxilla

KW - Adolescent

KW - Female

KW - Face

KW - Principal Component Analysis

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U2 - 10.1093/ejo/cjab061

DO - 10.1093/ejo/cjab061

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 34458910

SN - 0141-5387

VL - 44

SP - 332

EP - 339

JO - European Journal of Orthodontics

JF - European Journal of Orthodontics

IS - 3

ER -

Craniofacial shape from pre- to post-adolescence

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