Casein glycomacropeptide is well tolerated in healthy adults and changes neither high-sensitive C-reactive protein, gut microbiota nor faecal butyrate: a restricted randomised trial

TY - JOUR

T1 - Casein glycomacropeptide is well tolerated in healthy adults and changes neither high-sensitive C-reactive protein, gut microbiota nor faecal butyrate

T2 - a restricted randomised trial

AU - Wernlund, Pernille G

AU - Hvas, Christian L

AU - Dahlerup, Jens F

AU - Bahl, Martin I

AU - Licht, Tine R

AU - B Knudsen, Knud E

AU - Agnholt, Jørgen S

PY - 2021/6/28

Y1 - 2021/6/28

N2 - Casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) is a bioactive milk-derived peptide with potential anti-inflammatory effects. Animal studies suggest that CGMP may work by altering gut microbiota composition and enhancing butyrate production. Its effects on intestinal homoeostasis, microbiota and metabolites in humans are unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess both the intestinal and systemic immunomodulatory effects of orally ingested CGMP. We hypothesised that daily oral CGMP intake would reduce high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in healthy adults. In a single-centre limited but randomised, double-blinded, reference-controlled study, we compared the effects of a 4-week intervention of either 25 g of oral powder-based chocolate-flavoured CGMP or a reference drink. We included twenty-four healthy adults who all completed the study. CGMP had no systemic or intestinal immunomodulatory effects compared with a reference drink, with regard to either hsCRP or faecal calprotectin level, faecal microbiota composition or faecal SCFA content. CGMP ingestion did not affect satiety or body weight, and it caused no severe adverse events. The palatability of CGMP was acceptable, and adherence was high. CGMP did not induce or change gastrointestinal symptoms. In conclusion, we found no immunomodulatory effects of CGMP in healthy adults. In a minor group of healthy adults, oral ingestion of 25 g of CGMP during 4 weeks was safe, well tolerated, had acceptable palatability and was without any effects on body weight.

AB - Casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) is a bioactive milk-derived peptide with potential anti-inflammatory effects. Animal studies suggest that CGMP may work by altering gut microbiota composition and enhancing butyrate production. Its effects on intestinal homoeostasis, microbiota and metabolites in humans are unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess both the intestinal and systemic immunomodulatory effects of orally ingested CGMP. We hypothesised that daily oral CGMP intake would reduce high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in healthy adults. In a single-centre limited but randomised, double-blinded, reference-controlled study, we compared the effects of a 4-week intervention of either 25 g of oral powder-based chocolate-flavoured CGMP or a reference drink. We included twenty-four healthy adults who all completed the study. CGMP had no systemic or intestinal immunomodulatory effects compared with a reference drink, with regard to either hsCRP or faecal calprotectin level, faecal microbiota composition or faecal SCFA content. CGMP ingestion did not affect satiety or body weight, and it caused no severe adverse events. The palatability of CGMP was acceptable, and adherence was high. CGMP did not induce or change gastrointestinal symptoms. In conclusion, we found no immunomodulatory effects of CGMP in healthy adults. In a minor group of healthy adults, oral ingestion of 25 g of CGMP during 4 weeks was safe, well tolerated, had acceptable palatability and was without any effects on body weight.

KW - Glycomacropeptide

KW - anti-inflammatory

KW - bioactive peptides

KW - healthy adults

KW - immunomodulation

KW - milk protein

KW - whey protein

U2 - 10.1017/S0007114520003736

DO - 10.1017/S0007114520003736

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 32967742

SN - 0007-1145

VL - 125

SP - 1374

EP - 1385

JO - The British Journal of Nutrition

JF - The British Journal of Nutrition

IS - 12

ER -