TY - JOUR
T1 - Biochemical and rapid molecular analyses to identify glyphosate resistance in Lolium spp.
AU - Gerakari, Maria
AU - Cheimona, Nikolina
AU - Tani, Eleni
AU - Travlos, Ilias
AU - Chachalis, Demosthenis
AU - Loddo, Donato
AU - Mathiassen, Solvejg Kopp
AU - Gitsopoulos, Thomas K.
AU - Scarabel, Laura
AU - Panozzo, Silvia
AU - Kristensen, Michael
AU - Kudsk, Per
AU - Sattin, Maurizio
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - Lolium spp. are troublesome weeds mainly found in winter cereal crops worldwide, includ-ing Europe. In recent years resistant mechanisms have been evolved to several important herbicides. In this study we investigated the mechanisms responsible for conferring glyphosate resistance in some Lolium spp. populations. A holistic approach was used, based on dose-response experiments, determination of shikimic acid concentration in plant leaf tissue, as well as molecular analyses. More specifically, in three Lolium spp. populations the existence of a mutation in the Pro-106 codon of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3 phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene was investigated as well as the relative transcript levels of four ABC-transporter genes were monitored at three time points after glyphosate application. The results demonstrated that glyphosate resistance is a multifactor phenomenon. Relative transcript levels of the ABC-transporter genes were abundant at very early time points after glyphosate treatments. Dose-response experiments and shikimate analyses were in accordance with the findings of the quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. We suggest that relative expression ratio of ABC-transporter genes can be a useful tool to rapidly identify Lolium spp. populations resistant to glyphosate.
AB - Lolium spp. are troublesome weeds mainly found in winter cereal crops worldwide, includ-ing Europe. In recent years resistant mechanisms have been evolved to several important herbicides. In this study we investigated the mechanisms responsible for conferring glyphosate resistance in some Lolium spp. populations. A holistic approach was used, based on dose-response experiments, determination of shikimic acid concentration in plant leaf tissue, as well as molecular analyses. More specifically, in three Lolium spp. populations the existence of a mutation in the Pro-106 codon of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3 phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene was investigated as well as the relative transcript levels of four ABC-transporter genes were monitored at three time points after glyphosate application. The results demonstrated that glyphosate resistance is a multifactor phenomenon. Relative transcript levels of the ABC-transporter genes were abundant at very early time points after glyphosate treatments. Dose-response experiments and shikimate analyses were in accordance with the findings of the quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. We suggest that relative expression ratio of ABC-transporter genes can be a useful tool to rapidly identify Lolium spp. populations resistant to glyphosate.
KW - ABC-transporters
KW - Dose-response
KW - EPSPS gene
KW - NTSR
KW - Ryegrass resistance mechanisms
KW - Shikimic acid
KW - TSR
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121858931&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/agronomy12010040
DO - 10.3390/agronomy12010040
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85121858931
SN - 2073-4395
VL - 12
JO - Agronomy
JF - Agronomy
IS - 1
M1 - 40
ER -