Behavioral Responses of Nursing Home Residents to Visits From a Person with a Dog,a Robot Seal or a Toy Cat

TY - JOUR

T1 - Behavioral Responses of Nursing Home Residents to Visits From a Person with a Dog,a Robot Seal or a Toy Cat

AU - Thodberg, Karen

AU - Sørensen, Lisbeth U

AU - Videbech, Poul B

AU - Haun Poulsen, Pia

AU - Houbak, Birthe

AU - Damgaard, Vibeke

AU - Keseler, Ingrid

AU - Edwards, David

AU - Christensen, Janne Winther

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Previous studies suggest that contact with dogs can positively affect the wellbeing of elderly people in nursing homes, but there is a lack of research investigating the causal pathways of these effects. One such pathway may relate to the behavioral responses of the elderly when interacting with a dog. The present study compared the immediate behavioral responses of nursing home residents to bi-weekly visits from a person accompanied by either a dog, a robot seal (PARO®), or a soft toy cat, using a randomized controlled design. A total of 100 nursing home residents completed the study. Each participant received a total of 12 visits, during which their behaviors, including interactions between the visitor and the accompanying animal (real or artificial), were recorded. Also, data on cognitive impairment, presence of depressive symptoms, age, time lived in the nursing home, dementia diagnoses, and gender were collected. We found that the immediate responses to, and interaction with, the visiting animal depended on the type of animal that was brought along. The dog and the interactive robot seal triggered the most interaction, in the form of physical contact (F(2,103) = 7.50, p < 0.001), eye contact (F(4,151) = 6.26, p < 0.001), and verbal communication (F(4,195) = 2.87, p < 0.05). As well, the cognitive impairment level of the residents affected with whom they interacted. The higher the cognitive impairment level, the more interaction was directed toward the animal and less toward humans, regardless of visit type (F(2,101) = 4.10, p < 0.05). The dogs and the robot seal stimulated the residents to more interaction, compared with the toy cat, but the robot seal failed to maintain the attention at the same level over time. The cognitive functioning of the residents correlated with the level of interaction, and this needs to be studied further.

AB - Previous studies suggest that contact with dogs can positively affect the wellbeing of elderly people in nursing homes, but there is a lack of research investigating the causal pathways of these effects. One such pathway may relate to the behavioral responses of the elderly when interacting with a dog. The present study compared the immediate behavioral responses of nursing home residents to bi-weekly visits from a person accompanied by either a dog, a robot seal (PARO®), or a soft toy cat, using a randomized controlled design. A total of 100 nursing home residents completed the study. Each participant received a total of 12 visits, during which their behaviors, including interactions between the visitor and the accompanying animal (real or artificial), were recorded. Also, data on cognitive impairment, presence of depressive symptoms, age, time lived in the nursing home, dementia diagnoses, and gender were collected. We found that the immediate responses to, and interaction with, the visiting animal depended on the type of animal that was brought along. The dog and the interactive robot seal triggered the most interaction, in the form of physical contact (F(2,103) = 7.50, p < 0.001), eye contact (F(4,151) = 6.26, p < 0.001), and verbal communication (F(4,195) = 2.87, p < 0.05). As well, the cognitive impairment level of the residents affected with whom they interacted. The higher the cognitive impairment level, the more interaction was directed toward the animal and less toward humans, regardless of visit type (F(2,101) = 4.10, p < 0.05). The dogs and the robot seal stimulated the residents to more interaction, compared with the toy cat, but the robot seal failed to maintain the attention at the same level over time. The cognitive functioning of the residents correlated with the level of interaction, and this needs to be studied further.

KW - animal-assisted therapy

KW - cognitive impairment

KW - nursing home

KW - quantitative behavior sampling

KW - visiting dog

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84964502053&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1080/08927936.2015.1089011

DO - 10.1080/08927936.2015.1089011

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0892-7936

VL - 29

SP - 107

EP - 121

JO - Anthrozoos

JF - Anthrozoos

IS - 1

ER -