TY - JOUR
T1 - Application of R-phycoerythrin of different purities from Furcellaria lumbricalis in extruded food products
AU - Kumar, Sruthi
AU - Gaber, Sara M.
AU - Knezevic, Dejan
AU - Arnesen, Jan Arne
AU - Møller, Anders Hauer
AU - Ilmjärv, Tanel
AU - Dalsgaard, Trine K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2025/3
Y1 - 2025/3
N2 - The unique spectral, fluorescent, bioactive properties, along with its water solubility, makes R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) a promising natural colorant for food applications. The aim of this study was to investigate stained extrudates with respect to color stability of different purities of R-PE from F. lumbricalis during cold storage in light and dark conditions. Furthermore, the color stability of R-PE during extrusion and in stained meat analogs before and after frying was investigated. The storage stability was evaluated based on the staining with R-PE (crude extract, membrane filtration and multi-step ammonium sulphate precipitation) with beetroot pigment as a reference and at different hydration temperatures (40 and 60 °C). R-PE stained extrudates preserved their structure and color throughout storage without light exposure, unlike beetroot-stained ones, which displayed color changes (ΔE*ab > 5) while keeping their structure intact. Under light exposure, R-PE extrudates shrunk slightly over time, with only subtle color changes (ΔE*ab < 5). The storage stability of R-PE stained extrudates differed based on the R-PE purity, both in light and dark conditions, and also varied with hydration temperature during light exposure. The addition of different purities of R-PE and beetroot pigment during extrusion with expansion resulted in lower color retention in all the resulting extrudates except in the extrudates without expansion. After frying, both unstained and stained R-PE meat analogs developed a darker brown color, but the interior of these analogs preserved their initial color, resembling the color of the meat analogs before frying.
AB - The unique spectral, fluorescent, bioactive properties, along with its water solubility, makes R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) a promising natural colorant for food applications. The aim of this study was to investigate stained extrudates with respect to color stability of different purities of R-PE from F. lumbricalis during cold storage in light and dark conditions. Furthermore, the color stability of R-PE during extrusion and in stained meat analogs before and after frying was investigated. The storage stability was evaluated based on the staining with R-PE (crude extract, membrane filtration and multi-step ammonium sulphate precipitation) with beetroot pigment as a reference and at different hydration temperatures (40 and 60 °C). R-PE stained extrudates preserved their structure and color throughout storage without light exposure, unlike beetroot-stained ones, which displayed color changes (ΔE*ab > 5) while keeping their structure intact. Under light exposure, R-PE extrudates shrunk slightly over time, with only subtle color changes (ΔE*ab < 5). The storage stability of R-PE stained extrudates differed based on the R-PE purity, both in light and dark conditions, and also varied with hydration temperature during light exposure. The addition of different purities of R-PE and beetroot pigment during extrusion with expansion resulted in lower color retention in all the resulting extrudates except in the extrudates without expansion. After frying, both unstained and stained R-PE meat analogs developed a darker brown color, but the interior of these analogs preserved their initial color, resembling the color of the meat analogs before frying.
KW - Food application
KW - Natural colorant
KW - Purity index
KW - R-phycoerythrin
KW - Red seaweed
KW - Storage stability
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85217923912&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.115971
DO - 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.115971
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 39986801
AN - SCOPUS:85217923912
SN - 0963-9969
VL - 204
JO - Food Research International
JF - Food Research International
M1 - 115971
ER -