An under‑ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater‑influenced Arctic waters

Dorte Søgaard; Brian Keith Sorrell; Mikael Kristian Sejr; Per Andersen; Søren Rysgaard; Per Juel Hansen; Annaliina Skyttä; Signe Lemcke; Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82413-y

An under‑ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater‑influenced Arctic waters

Dorte Søgaard, Brian Keith Sorrell, Mikael Kristian Sejr, Per Andersen, Søren Rysgaard, Per Juel Hansen, Annaliina Skyttä, Signe Lemcke, Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avis › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

23 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

The pelagic spring bloom is essential for Arctic marine food webs, and a crucial driver of carbon transport to the ocean depths. A critical challenge is understanding its timing and magnitude, to predict its changes in coming decades. Spring bloom onset is typically light-limited, beginning when irradiance increases or during ice breakup. Here we report an acute 9-day under-ice algal bloom in nutrient-poor, freshwater-influenced water under 1-m thick sea ice. It was dominated by mixotrophic brackish water haptophytes (Chrysochromulina/ Prymnesium) that produced 5.7 g C m ⁻² new production. This estimate represents about half the annual pelagic production, occurring below sea ice with a large contribution from the mixotrophic algae bloom. The freshwater-influenced, nutrient-dilute and low light environment combined with mixotrophic community dominance implies that phagotrophy played a critical role in the under-ice bloom. We argue that such blooms dominated by potentially toxic mixotrophic algae might become more common and widespread in the future Arctic Ocean.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Artikelnummer	2915
Tidsskrift	Scientific Reports
Vol/bind	11
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82413-y
Status	Udgivet - feb. 2021

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10.1038/s41598-021-82413-yLicens: CC BY

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title = "An under‑ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater‑influenced Arctic waters",

abstract = "The pelagic spring bloom is essential for Arctic marine food webs, and a crucial driver of carbon transport to the ocean depths. A critical challenge is understanding its timing and magnitude, to predict its changes in coming decades. Spring bloom onset is typically light-limited, beginning when irradiance increases or during ice breakup. Here we report an acute 9-day under-ice algal bloom in nutrient-poor, freshwater-influenced water under 1-m thick sea ice. It was dominated by mixotrophic brackish water haptophytes (Chrysochromulina/ Prymnesium) that produced 5.7 g C m −2 new production. This estimate represents about half the annual pelagic production, occurring below sea ice with a large contribution from the mixotrophic algae bloom. The freshwater-influenced, nutrient-dilute and low light environment combined with mixotrophic community dominance implies that phagotrophy played a critical role in the under-ice bloom. We argue that such blooms dominated by potentially toxic mixotrophic algae might become more common and widespread in the future Arctic Ocean. ",

author = "Dorte S{\o}gaard and Sorrell, {Brian Keith} and Sejr, {Mikael Kristian} and Per Andersen and S{\o}ren Rysgaard and Hansen, {Per Juel} and Annaliina Skytt{\"a} and Signe Lemcke and Lund-Hansen, {Lars Chresten}",

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doi = "10.1038/s41598-021-82413-y",

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T1 - An under‑ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater‑influenced Arctic waters

AU - Søgaard, Dorte

AU - Sorrell, Brian Keith

AU - Sejr, Mikael Kristian

AU - Andersen, Per

AU - Rysgaard, Søren

AU - Hansen, Per Juel

AU - Skyttä, Annaliina

AU - Lemcke, Signe

AU - Lund-Hansen, Lars Chresten

PY - 2021/2

Y1 - 2021/2

N2 - The pelagic spring bloom is essential for Arctic marine food webs, and a crucial driver of carbon transport to the ocean depths. A critical challenge is understanding its timing and magnitude, to predict its changes in coming decades. Spring bloom onset is typically light-limited, beginning when irradiance increases or during ice breakup. Here we report an acute 9-day under-ice algal bloom in nutrient-poor, freshwater-influenced water under 1-m thick sea ice. It was dominated by mixotrophic brackish water haptophytes (Chrysochromulina/ Prymnesium) that produced 5.7 g C m −2 new production. This estimate represents about half the annual pelagic production, occurring below sea ice with a large contribution from the mixotrophic algae bloom. The freshwater-influenced, nutrient-dilute and low light environment combined with mixotrophic community dominance implies that phagotrophy played a critical role in the under-ice bloom. We argue that such blooms dominated by potentially toxic mixotrophic algae might become more common and widespread in the future Arctic Ocean.

AB - The pelagic spring bloom is essential for Arctic marine food webs, and a crucial driver of carbon transport to the ocean depths. A critical challenge is understanding its timing and magnitude, to predict its changes in coming decades. Spring bloom onset is typically light-limited, beginning when irradiance increases or during ice breakup. Here we report an acute 9-day under-ice algal bloom in nutrient-poor, freshwater-influenced water under 1-m thick sea ice. It was dominated by mixotrophic brackish water haptophytes (Chrysochromulina/ Prymnesium) that produced 5.7 g C m −2 new production. This estimate represents about half the annual pelagic production, occurring below sea ice with a large contribution from the mixotrophic algae bloom. The freshwater-influenced, nutrient-dilute and low light environment combined with mixotrophic community dominance implies that phagotrophy played a critical role in the under-ice bloom. We argue that such blooms dominated by potentially toxic mixotrophic algae might become more common and widespread in the future Arctic Ocean.

U2 - 10.1038/s41598-021-82413-y

DO - 10.1038/s41598-021-82413-y

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 33536514

SN - 2045-2322

VL - 11

JO - Scientific Reports

JF - Scientific Reports

M1 - 2915

ER -

An under‑ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater‑influenced Arctic waters

Abstract

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