TY - JOUR
T1 - An investigation of factors affecting the depths of steady-state surface nuclear magnetic resonance signals
AU - Grombacher, Denys
AU - Griffiths, Matthew Peter
AU - Kass, Mason Andrew
AU - Larsen, Jakob Juul
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
PY - 2024/3/1
Y1 - 2024/3/1
N2 - Recent developments in surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data transmit schemes, called steady-state measurements, involve the acquisition of the NMR signal during a train of closely spaced identical pulses, and indicate great promise to enhance the measurement's signal-to-noise ratio. The steady-state signal displays a complex dependence on a range of experimental parameters, such as the strength of the individual pulse and the separation between the pulses, as well as subsurface parameters, such as the relaxation times controlling the time dependence of the NMR signals. It is imperative to understand the role that each of these parameters plays in controlling the depth of origin for steady-state signals so as to enable optimization of a suite of measurements consisting of the fewest possible measurements delivering satisfactory resolution. A range of synthetic studies are conducted to gain insights into controls on steady-state signals' depths of origin. Relaxation times, duty cycle, and pulse train timing are all observed to influence the signal's depth, in addition to the pulse duration and current strength. A discussion of whether high-duty cycle steady-state sequences may enhance depth penetration is given, along with the presentation of a field data set composed of a nontraditional depth sounding approach, where repetition times are varied to encode depth sensitivity.
AB - Recent developments in surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data transmit schemes, called steady-state measurements, involve the acquisition of the NMR signal during a train of closely spaced identical pulses, and indicate great promise to enhance the measurement's signal-to-noise ratio. The steady-state signal displays a complex dependence on a range of experimental parameters, such as the strength of the individual pulse and the separation between the pulses, as well as subsurface parameters, such as the relaxation times controlling the time dependence of the NMR signals. It is imperative to understand the role that each of these parameters plays in controlling the depth of origin for steady-state signals so as to enable optimization of a suite of measurements consisting of the fewest possible measurements delivering satisfactory resolution. A range of synthetic studies are conducted to gain insights into controls on steady-state signals' depths of origin. Relaxation times, duty cycle, and pulse train timing are all observed to influence the signal's depth, in addition to the pulse duration and current strength. A discussion of whether high-duty cycle steady-state sequences may enhance depth penetration is given, along with the presentation of a field data set composed of a nontraditional depth sounding approach, where repetition times are varied to encode depth sensitivity.
KW - surface nuclear magnetic resonance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85184829194&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1190/geo2023-0068.1
DO - 10.1190/geo2023-0068.1
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85184829194
SN - 0016-8033
VL - 89
SP - J9-J17
JO - Geophysics
JF - Geophysics
IS - 2
ER -