TY - JOUR

T1 - An Energy Efficient Solution for Fuel Cell Heat Recovery in Zero-Emission Ferry Boats: Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient

AU - Ahmadi, Hoda

AU - Rafiei Foroushani, Mehdi

AU - Afshari-Igder, Mosayeb

AU - Gheisarnejad Chirani, Meysam

AU - Khooban, Mohammad Hassan

PY - 2021/8

Y1 - 2021/8

N2 - All-electric ships (AES) are regarded as a promising solution for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions since they are able to utilize clean technologies like fuel cells instead of fossil fuel. A zero-emission hybrid energy system comprising the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, battery, cold-ironing, and Recuperative organic Rankine cycle (RORC) is scrutinized in this paper. To use the waste heat produced by PEM fuel cells, a hybrid system which is composed of PEM fuel cells and RORC is suggested. In order to analyze this zero-emission all-electric ship, the real data of a ferry boat, containing the load profiles and routes is used to appraise the possibility of the suggested hybrid system. The structure of the boat and energy sources, along with mathematical models, are represented and examined. Eventually, the hourly energy management of boat for one specific day is analyzed and also, to optimize the power dispatch, the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is applied in actor-critic architecture. To corroborate the proposed models, the MATLAB software is employed. According to obtained results, the proposed models could ensure effective and efficient ways in marine vessels due to not only their high performances but also permissible energy cost to be a zero-emission ship.

AB - All-electric ships (AES) are regarded as a promising solution for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions since they are able to utilize clean technologies like fuel cells instead of fossil fuel. A zero-emission hybrid energy system comprising the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, battery, cold-ironing, and Recuperative organic Rankine cycle (RORC) is scrutinized in this paper. To use the waste heat produced by PEM fuel cells, a hybrid system which is composed of PEM fuel cells and RORC is suggested. In order to analyze this zero-emission all-electric ship, the real data of a ferry boat, containing the load profiles and routes is used to appraise the possibility of the suggested hybrid system. The structure of the boat and energy sources, along with mathematical models, are represented and examined. Eventually, the hourly energy management of boat for one specific day is analyzed and also, to optimize the power dispatch, the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is applied in actor-critic architecture. To corroborate the proposed models, the MATLAB software is employed. According to obtained results, the proposed models could ensure effective and efficient ways in marine vessels due to not only their high performances but also permissible energy cost to be a zero-emission ship.

KW - Energy management

KW - deep deterministic policy gradient

KW - proton exchange membrane fuel cell

KW - recuperative organic rankine cycle

KW - zero-emission ships

U2 - 10.1109/TVT.2021.3094899.

DO - 10.1109/TVT.2021.3094899.

M3 - Journal article

VL - 70

SP - 7571

EP - 7581

JO - I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology

JF - I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology

SN - 0018-9545

IS - 8

M1 - 9477203

ER -