TY - JOUR
T1 - An Energy Efficient Solution for Fuel Cell Heat Recovery in Zero-Emission Ferry Boats: Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient
AU - Ahmadi, Hoda
AU - Rafiei Foroushani, Mehdi
AU - Afshari-Igder, Mosayeb
AU - Gheisarnejad Chirani, Meysam
AU - Khooban, Mohammad Hassan
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - All-electric ships (AES) are regarded as a promising solution for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions since they are able to utilize clean technologies like fuel cells instead of fossil fuel. A zero-emission hybrid energy system comprising the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, battery, cold-ironing, and Recuperative organic Rankine cycle (RORC) is scrutinized in this paper. To use the waste heat produced by PEM fuel cells, a hybrid system which is composed of PEM fuel cells and RORC is suggested. In order to analyze this zero-emission all-electric ship, the real data of a ferry boat, containing the load profiles and routes is used to appraise the possibility of the suggested hybrid system. The structure of the boat and energy sources, along with mathematical models, are represented and examined. Eventually, the hourly energy management of the boat for one specific day is analyzed, and also, to optimize the power dispatch, the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is applied in actor-critic architecture. To corroborate the proposed models, the MATLAB software is employed. According to obtained results, the proposed models could ensure effective and efficient ways in marine vessels due to not only their high performances but also permissible energy cost to be a zero-emission ship.
AB - All-electric ships (AES) are regarded as a promising solution for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions since they are able to utilize clean technologies like fuel cells instead of fossil fuel. A zero-emission hybrid energy system comprising the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, battery, cold-ironing, and Recuperative organic Rankine cycle (RORC) is scrutinized in this paper. To use the waste heat produced by PEM fuel cells, a hybrid system which is composed of PEM fuel cells and RORC is suggested. In order to analyze this zero-emission all-electric ship, the real data of a ferry boat, containing the load profiles and routes is used to appraise the possibility of the suggested hybrid system. The structure of the boat and energy sources, along with mathematical models, are represented and examined. Eventually, the hourly energy management of the boat for one specific day is analyzed, and also, to optimize the power dispatch, the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is applied in actor-critic architecture. To corroborate the proposed models, the MATLAB software is employed. According to obtained results, the proposed models could ensure effective and efficient ways in marine vessels due to not only their high performances but also permissible energy cost to be a zero-emission ship.
KW - Energy management
KW - deep deterministic policy gradient
KW - proton exchange membrane fuel cell
KW - recuperative organic rankine cycle
KW - zero-emission ships
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85112613667
U2 - 10.1109/TVT.2021.3094899.
DO - 10.1109/TVT.2021.3094899.
M3 - Journal article
SN - 0018-9545
VL - 70
SP - 7571
EP - 7581
JO - I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology
JF - I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology
IS - 8
M1 - 9477203
ER -