Amphoteric SnO2 nanoparticles via pH-controlled continuous flow solvothermal synthesis

Aref Mamakhel; Magnus Kløve; Martin Bondesgaard; Troels L. Christiansen; Steen Uttrup Pedersen; Jørgen Skibsted; Bo Brummerstedt Iversen

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106341

Amphoteric SnO₂ nanoparticles via pH-controlled continuous flow solvothermal synthesis

Aref Mamakhel, Magnus Kløve, Martin Bondesgaard, Troels L. Christiansen, Steen Uttrup Pedersen, Jørgen Skibsted, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen^*

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avis › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

2 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

Amphoteric oxides can be challenging to produce in phase pure form due to their sensitivity to the pH of the reaction mixture. The high-pressure, high-temperature reaction conditions of hydrothermal processes make the pH difficult to control. Here we report a simple approach to obtain nanoparticles of amphoteric oxides, where cheap metal nitrate precursors are reacted in alcohol (2-propanol) water mixtures (25 vol%:75 vol%) to maintain a neutral pH under solvothermal conditions. Phase pure SnO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized in a continuous flow solvothermal reactor at 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C and 400 °C with sizes ranging from 3 nm to 7 nm. The nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ¹¹⁹Sn MAS NMR spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption, UV–VIS, and as anode material in CR2032 Li-ion battery cells. To demonstrate generality, amphoteric oxides ZnO, Bi₂O₃, Cr₂O₃ and γ-AlOOH were also synthesized.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Artikelnummer	106341
Tidsskrift	Journal of Supercritical Fluids
Vol/bind	212
Antal sider	10
ISSN	0896-8446
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106341
Status	Udgivet - okt. 2024

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10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106341Licens: CC BY

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Citationsformater

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title = "Amphoteric SnO2 nanoparticles via pH-controlled continuous flow solvothermal synthesis",

abstract = "Amphoteric oxides can be challenging to produce in phase pure form due to their sensitivity to the pH of the reaction mixture. The high-pressure, high-temperature reaction conditions of hydrothermal processes make the pH difficult to control. Here we report a simple approach to obtain nanoparticles of amphoteric oxides, where cheap metal nitrate precursors are reacted in alcohol (2-propanol) water mixtures (25 vol%:75 vol%) to maintain a neutral pH under solvothermal conditions. Phase pure SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in a continuous flow solvothermal reactor at 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C and 400 °C with sizes ranging from 3 nm to 7 nm. The nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, 119Sn MAS NMR spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption, UV–VIS, and as anode material in CR2032 Li-ion battery cells. To demonstrate generality, amphoteric oxides ZnO, Bi2O3, Cr2O3 and γ-AlOOH were also synthesized.",

keywords = "Amphoteric oxides, Continuous flow, SnO, Solvothermal synthesis",

author = "Aref Mamakhel and Magnus Kl{\o}ve and Martin Bondesgaard and Christiansen, {Troels L.} and Pedersen, {Steen Uttrup} and J{\o}rgen Skibsted and Iversen, {Bo Brummerstedt}",

year = "2024",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106341",

language = "English",

volume = "212",

journal = "Journal of Supercritical Fluids",

issn = "0896-8446",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Amphoteric SnO2 nanoparticles via pH-controlled continuous flow solvothermal synthesis

AU - Mamakhel, Aref

AU - Kløve, Magnus

AU - Bondesgaard, Martin

AU - Christiansen, Troels L.

AU - Pedersen, Steen Uttrup

AU - Skibsted, Jørgen

AU - Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt

PY - 2024/10

Y1 - 2024/10

N2 - Amphoteric oxides can be challenging to produce in phase pure form due to their sensitivity to the pH of the reaction mixture. The high-pressure, high-temperature reaction conditions of hydrothermal processes make the pH difficult to control. Here we report a simple approach to obtain nanoparticles of amphoteric oxides, where cheap metal nitrate precursors are reacted in alcohol (2-propanol) water mixtures (25 vol%:75 vol%) to maintain a neutral pH under solvothermal conditions. Phase pure SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in a continuous flow solvothermal reactor at 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C and 400 °C with sizes ranging from 3 nm to 7 nm. The nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, 119Sn MAS NMR spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption, UV–VIS, and as anode material in CR2032 Li-ion battery cells. To demonstrate generality, amphoteric oxides ZnO, Bi2O3, Cr2O3 and γ-AlOOH were also synthesized.

AB - Amphoteric oxides can be challenging to produce in phase pure form due to their sensitivity to the pH of the reaction mixture. The high-pressure, high-temperature reaction conditions of hydrothermal processes make the pH difficult to control. Here we report a simple approach to obtain nanoparticles of amphoteric oxides, where cheap metal nitrate precursors are reacted in alcohol (2-propanol) water mixtures (25 vol%:75 vol%) to maintain a neutral pH under solvothermal conditions. Phase pure SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in a continuous flow solvothermal reactor at 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C and 400 °C with sizes ranging from 3 nm to 7 nm. The nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, 119Sn MAS NMR spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption, UV–VIS, and as anode material in CR2032 Li-ion battery cells. To demonstrate generality, amphoteric oxides ZnO, Bi2O3, Cr2O3 and γ-AlOOH were also synthesized.

KW - Amphoteric oxides

KW - Continuous flow

KW - SnO

KW - Solvothermal synthesis

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U2 - 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106341

DO - 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106341

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85197548283

SN - 0896-8446

VL - 212

JO - Journal of Supercritical Fluids

JF - Journal of Supercritical Fluids

M1 - 106341

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