TY - JOUR

T1 - A new hypothesis on vascular calcifi cation

T2 - the exhausting buff er syndrome (EBS)

AU - Sikter, Andras

AU - Sonne, Christian

PY - 2021/3

Y1 - 2021/3

N2 - Here we propose that the Western world lifestyle disrupts phosphate metabolism and homeostasis due to caloric or acidic hyperphagia. Psychic factors such as social defeat due to stressed social coexistence characterized by reduced activity and chronic hypoventilation (hypercapnia) also play a role. At least two mechanisms mediate the harmful vascular effects of phosphates with intracellular acidosis being a feature in both of them. First, insufficient lifestyle and adjacent diet together with the psychosomatic mechanism of social defeat (mainly through chronic hypercapnic acidosis) lead to insulin resistance characterized by the classical Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Secondly, overload with fixed acids caused by renal insufficiency or acidic diet (due to intracellular metabolic acidosis) leads to our here proposed Exhausting Buffer Syndrome (EBS) which tends to elevate serum inorganic phosphate levels. These two mechanisms overlap and are regulated through genetically determined processes that drive the disruption of phosphate metabolism and lead to vascular calcification. To have a lower intake of calories and less acidic foods combined with low-grade hypocapnia, might be one of several solutions.

AB - Here we propose that the Western world lifestyle disrupts phosphate metabolism and homeostasis due to caloric or acidic hyperphagia. Psychic factors such as social defeat due to stressed social coexistence characterized by reduced activity and chronic hypoventilation (hypercapnia) also play a role. At least two mechanisms mediate the harmful vascular effects of phosphates with intracellular acidosis being a feature in both of them. First, insufficient lifestyle and adjacent diet together with the psychosomatic mechanism of social defeat (mainly through chronic hypercapnic acidosis) lead to insulin resistance characterized by the classical Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Secondly, overload with fixed acids caused by renal insufficiency or acidic diet (due to intracellular metabolic acidosis) leads to our here proposed Exhausting Buffer Syndrome (EBS) which tends to elevate serum inorganic phosphate levels. These two mechanisms overlap and are regulated through genetically determined processes that drive the disruption of phosphate metabolism and lead to vascular calcification. To have a lower intake of calories and less acidic foods combined with low-grade hypocapnia, might be one of several solutions.

KW - Cardiometabolic syndrome

KW - Exhausting buffer syndrome

KW - Intracellular acidosis

KW - Social defeat

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104209703&partnerID=8YFLogxK

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 33835043

AN - SCOPUS:85104209703

VL - 23

SP - 215

EP - 220

JO - Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica

JF - Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica

SN - 1419-8711

IS - 1

ER -