A low-eccentricity migration pathway for a 13-h-period Earth analogue in a four-planet system

Luisa Maria Serrano; Davide Gandolfi; Alexander J. Mustill; Oscar Barragán; Judith Korth; Fei Dai; Seth Redfield; Malcolm Fridlund; Kristine W.F. Lam; Matías R. Díaz; Sascha Grziwa; Karen A. Collins; John H. Livingston; William D. Cochran; Coel Hellier; Salvatore E. Bellomo; Trifon Trifonov; Florian Rodler; Javier Alarcon; Jon M. Jenkins; David W. Latham; George Ricker; Sara Seager; Roland Vanderspeck; Joshua N. Winn; Simon Albrecht; Kevin I. Collins; Szilárd Csizmadia; Tansu Daylan; Hans J. Deeg; Massimiliano Esposito; Michael Fausnaugh; Iskra Georgieva; Elisa Goffo; Eike Guenther; Artie P. Hatzes; Steve B. Howell; Eric L.N. Jensen; Rafael Luque; Andrew W. Mann; Felipe Murgas; Hannah L.M. Osborne; Enric Palle; Carina M. Persson; Pam Rowden; Alexander Rudat; Alexis M.S. Smith; Joseph D. Twicken; Vincent Van Eylen; Carl Ziegler

doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01641-y

A low-eccentricity migration pathway for a 13-h-period Earth analogue in a four-planet system

Luisa Maria Serrano^*, Davide Gandolfi, Alexander J. Mustill, Oscar Barragán, Judith Korth, Fei Dai, Seth Redfield, Malcolm Fridlund, Kristine W.F. Lam, Matías R. Díaz, Sascha Grziwa, Karen A. Collins, John H. Livingston, William D. Cochran, Coel Hellier, Salvatore E. Bellomo, Trifon Trifonov, Florian Rodler, Javier Alarcon, Jon M. JenkinsDavid W. Latham, George Ricker, Sara Seager, Roland Vanderspeck, Joshua N. Winn, Simon Albrecht, Kevin I. Collins, Szilárd Csizmadia, Tansu Daylan, Hans J. Deeg, Massimiliano Esposito, Michael Fausnaugh, Iskra Georgieva, Elisa Goffo, Eike Guenther, Artie P. Hatzes, Steve B. Howell, Eric L.N. Jensen, Rafael Luque, Andrew W. Mann, Felipe Murgas, Hannah L.M. Osborne, Enric Palle, Carina M. Persson, Pam Rowden, Alexander Rudat, Alexis M.S. Smith, Joseph D. Twicken, Vincent Van Eylen, Carl Ziegler

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Institut for Fysik og Astronomi - Stellar Astrophysics Centre

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avis › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

Abstract

It is commonly accepted that exoplanets with orbital periods shorter than one day, also known as ultra-short-period (USP) planets, formed further out within their natal protoplanetary disks before migrating to their current-day orbits via dynamical interactions. One of the most accepted theories suggests a violent scenario involving high-eccentricity migration followed by tidal circularization. Here we present the discovery of a four-planet system orbiting the bright (V = 10.5) K6 dwarf star TOI-500. The innermost planet is a transiting, Earth-sized USP planet with an orbital period of ~13 hours, a mass of 1.42 ± 0.18 M_⊕, a radius of 1.166−0.058+0.061R⊕ and a mean density of 4.89−0.88+1.03gcm−3. Via Doppler spectroscopy, we discovered that the system hosts 3 outer planets on nearly circular orbits with periods of 6.6, 26.2 and 61.3 days and minimum masses of 5.03 ± 0.41 M_⊕, 33.12 ± 0.88 M_⊕ and 15.05−1.11+1.12M⊕, respectively. The presence of both a USP planet and a low-mass object on a 6.6-day orbit indicates that the architecture of this system can be explained via a scenario in which the planets started on low-eccentricity orbits then moved inwards through a quasi-static secular migration. Our numerical simulations show that this migration channel can bring TOI-500 b to its current location in 2 Gyr, starting from an initial orbit of 0.02 au. TOI-500 is the first four-planet system known to host a USP Earth analogue whose current architecture can be explained via a non-violent migration scenario.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Nature Astronomy
Vol/bind	6
Nummer	6
Sider (fra-til)	736-750
Antal sider	15
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01641-y
Status	Udgivet - jun. 2022

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10.1038/s41550-022-01641-y

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.13573.pdf

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Serrano, L. M., Gandolfi, D., Mustill, A. J., Barragán, O., Korth, J., Dai, F., Redfield, S., Fridlund, M., Lam, K. W. F., Díaz, M. R., Grziwa, S., Collins, K. A., Livingston, J. H., Cochran, W. D., Hellier, C., Bellomo, S. E., Trifonov, T., Rodler, F., Alarcon, J., ... Ziegler, C. (2022). A low-eccentricity migration pathway for a 13-h-period Earth analogue in a four-planet system. Nature Astronomy, 6(6), 736-750. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01641-y

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title = "A low-eccentricity migration pathway for a 13-h-period Earth analogue in a four-planet system",

abstract = "It is commonly accepted that exoplanets with orbital periods shorter than one day, also known as ultra-short-period (USP) planets, formed further out within their natal protoplanetary disks before migrating to their current-day orbits via dynamical interactions. One of the most accepted theories suggests a violent scenario involving high-eccentricity migration followed by tidal circularization. Here we present the discovery of a four-planet system orbiting the bright (V = 10.5) K6 dwarf star TOI-500. The innermost planet is a transiting, Earth-sized USP planet with an orbital period of ~13 hours, a mass of 1.42 ± 0.18 M⊕, a radius of 1.166−0.058+0.061R⊕ and a mean density of 4.89−0.88+1.03gcm−3. Via Doppler spectroscopy, we discovered that the system hosts 3 outer planets on nearly circular orbits with periods of 6.6, 26.2 and 61.3 days and minimum masses of 5.03 ± 0.41 M⊕, 33.12 ± 0.88 M⊕ and 15.05−1.11+1.12M⊕, respectively. The presence of both a USP planet and a low-mass object on a 6.6-day orbit indicates that the architecture of this system can be explained via a scenario in which the planets started on low-eccentricity orbits then moved inwards through a quasi-static secular migration. Our numerical simulations show that this migration channel can bring TOI-500 b to its current location in 2 Gyr, starting from an initial orbit of 0.02 au. TOI-500 is the first four-planet system known to host a USP Earth analogue whose current architecture can be explained via a non-violent migration scenario.",

author = "Serrano, {Luisa Maria} and Davide Gandolfi and Mustill, {Alexander J.} and Oscar Barrag{\'a}n and Judith Korth and Fei Dai and Seth Redfield and Malcolm Fridlund and Lam, {Kristine W.F.} and D{\'i}az, {Mat{\'i}as R.} and Sascha Grziwa and Collins, {Karen A.} and Livingston, {John H.} and Cochran, {William D.} and Coel Hellier and Bellomo, {Salvatore E.} and Trifon Trifonov and Florian Rodler and Javier Alarcon and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Latham, {David W.} and George Ricker and Sara Seager and Roland Vanderspeck and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Simon Albrecht and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Szil{\'a}rd Csizmadia and Tansu Daylan and Deeg, {Hans J.} and Massimiliano Esposito and Michael Fausnaugh and Iskra Georgieva and Elisa Goffo and Eike Guenther and Hatzes, {Artie P.} and Howell, {Steve B.} and Jensen, {Eric L.N.} and Rafael Luque and Mann, {Andrew W.} and Felipe Murgas and Osborne, {Hannah L.M.} and Enric Palle and Persson, {Carina M.} and Pam Rowden and Alexander Rudat and Smith, {Alexis M.S.} and Twicken, {Joseph D.} and {Van Eylen}, Vincent and Carl Ziegler",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1038/s41550-022-01641-y",

language = "English",

volume = "6",

pages = "736--750",

journal = "Nature Astronomy",

issn = "2397-3366",

publisher = "Springer Nature",

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Serrano, LM, Gandolfi, D, Mustill, AJ, Barragán, O, Korth, J, Dai, F, Redfield, S, Fridlund, M, Lam, KWF, Díaz, MR, Grziwa, S, Collins, KA, Livingston, JH, Cochran, WD, Hellier, C, Bellomo, SE, Trifonov, T, Rodler, F, Alarcon, J, Jenkins, JM, Latham, DW, Ricker, G, Seager, S, Vanderspeck, R, Winn, JN, Albrecht, S, Collins, KI, Csizmadia, S, Daylan, T, Deeg, HJ, Esposito, M, Fausnaugh, M, Georgieva, I, Goffo, E, Guenther, E, Hatzes, AP, Howell, SB, Jensen, ELN, Luque, R, Mann, AW, Murgas, F, Osborne, HLM, Palle, E, Persson, CM, Rowden, P, Rudat, A, Smith, AMS, Twicken, JD, Van Eylen, V & Ziegler, C 2022, 'A low-eccentricity migration pathway for a 13-h-period Earth analogue in a four-planet system', Nature Astronomy, bind 6, nr. 6, s. 736-750. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01641-y

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T1 - A low-eccentricity migration pathway for a 13-h-period Earth analogue in a four-planet system

AU - Serrano, Luisa Maria

AU - Gandolfi, Davide

AU - Mustill, Alexander J.

AU - Barragán, Oscar

AU - Korth, Judith

AU - Dai, Fei

AU - Redfield, Seth

AU - Fridlund, Malcolm

AU - Lam, Kristine W.F.

AU - Díaz, Matías R.

AU - Grziwa, Sascha

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Livingston, John H.

AU - Cochran, William D.

AU - Hellier, Coel

AU - Bellomo, Salvatore E.

AU - Trifonov, Trifon

AU - Rodler, Florian

AU - Alarcon, Javier

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Ricker, George

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Vanderspeck, Roland

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Albrecht, Simon

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Csizmadia, Szilárd

AU - Daylan, Tansu

AU - Deeg, Hans J.

AU - Esposito, Massimiliano

AU - Fausnaugh, Michael

AU - Georgieva, Iskra

AU - Goffo, Elisa

AU - Guenther, Eike

AU - Hatzes, Artie P.

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Jensen, Eric L.N.

AU - Luque, Rafael

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - Murgas, Felipe

AU - Osborne, Hannah L.M.

AU - Palle, Enric

AU - Persson, Carina M.

AU - Rowden, Pam

AU - Rudat, Alexander

AU - Smith, Alexis M.S.

AU - Twicken, Joseph D.

AU - Van Eylen, Vincent

AU - Ziegler, Carl

PY - 2022/6

Y1 - 2022/6

N2 - It is commonly accepted that exoplanets with orbital periods shorter than one day, also known as ultra-short-period (USP) planets, formed further out within their natal protoplanetary disks before migrating to their current-day orbits via dynamical interactions. One of the most accepted theories suggests a violent scenario involving high-eccentricity migration followed by tidal circularization. Here we present the discovery of a four-planet system orbiting the bright (V = 10.5) K6 dwarf star TOI-500. The innermost planet is a transiting, Earth-sized USP planet with an orbital period of ~13 hours, a mass of 1.42 ± 0.18 M⊕, a radius of 1.166−0.058+0.061R⊕ and a mean density of 4.89−0.88+1.03gcm−3. Via Doppler spectroscopy, we discovered that the system hosts 3 outer planets on nearly circular orbits with periods of 6.6, 26.2 and 61.3 days and minimum masses of 5.03 ± 0.41 M⊕, 33.12 ± 0.88 M⊕ and 15.05−1.11+1.12M⊕, respectively. The presence of both a USP planet and a low-mass object on a 6.6-day orbit indicates that the architecture of this system can be explained via a scenario in which the planets started on low-eccentricity orbits then moved inwards through a quasi-static secular migration. Our numerical simulations show that this migration channel can bring TOI-500 b to its current location in 2 Gyr, starting from an initial orbit of 0.02 au. TOI-500 is the first four-planet system known to host a USP Earth analogue whose current architecture can be explained via a non-violent migration scenario.

AB - It is commonly accepted that exoplanets with orbital periods shorter than one day, also known as ultra-short-period (USP) planets, formed further out within their natal protoplanetary disks before migrating to their current-day orbits via dynamical interactions. One of the most accepted theories suggests a violent scenario involving high-eccentricity migration followed by tidal circularization. Here we present the discovery of a four-planet system orbiting the bright (V = 10.5) K6 dwarf star TOI-500. The innermost planet is a transiting, Earth-sized USP planet with an orbital period of ~13 hours, a mass of 1.42 ± 0.18 M⊕, a radius of 1.166−0.058+0.061R⊕ and a mean density of 4.89−0.88+1.03gcm−3. Via Doppler spectroscopy, we discovered that the system hosts 3 outer planets on nearly circular orbits with periods of 6.6, 26.2 and 61.3 days and minimum masses of 5.03 ± 0.41 M⊕, 33.12 ± 0.88 M⊕ and 15.05−1.11+1.12M⊕, respectively. The presence of both a USP planet and a low-mass object on a 6.6-day orbit indicates that the architecture of this system can be explained via a scenario in which the planets started on low-eccentricity orbits then moved inwards through a quasi-static secular migration. Our numerical simulations show that this migration channel can bring TOI-500 b to its current location in 2 Gyr, starting from an initial orbit of 0.02 au. TOI-500 is the first four-planet system known to host a USP Earth analogue whose current architecture can be explained via a non-violent migration scenario.

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DO - 10.1038/s41550-022-01641-y

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JO - Nature Astronomy

JF - Nature Astronomy

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A low-eccentricity migration pathway for a 13-h-period Earth analogue in a four-planet system

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