100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark

Morten E. Allentoft; Martin Sikora; Anders Fischer; Karl Göran Sjögren; Andrés Ingason; Ruairidh Macleod; Anders Rosengren; Bettina Schulz Paulsson; Marie Louise Schjellerup Jørkov; Maria Novosolov; Jesper Stenderup; T. Douglas Price; Morten Fischer Mortensen; Anne Birgitte Nielsen; Mikkel Ulfeldt Hede; Lasse Sørensen; Poul Otto Nielsen; Peter Rasmussen; Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen; Alba Refoyo-Martínez; Evan K. Irving-Pease; William Barrie; Alice Pearson; Bárbara Sousa da Mota; Fabrice Demeter; Rasmus A. Henriksen; Tharsika Vimala; Hugh McColl; Andrew Vaughn; Lasse Vinner; Gabriel Renaud; Aaron Stern; Niels Nørkjær Johannsen; Abigail Daisy Ramsøe; Andrew Joseph Schork; Anthony Ruter; Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen; Bjarne Henning Nielsen; Erik Brinch Petersen; Esben Kannegaard; Jesper Hansen; Kristoffer Buck Pedersen; Lisbeth Pedersen; Lutz Klassen; Morten Meldgaard; Morten Johansen; Otto Christian Uldum; Per Lotz; Per Lysdahl; Pernille Bangsgaard; Peter Vang Petersen; Rikke Maring; Rune Iversen; Sidsel Wåhlin; Søren Anker Sørensen; Søren H. Andersen; Thomas Jørgensen; Niels Lynnerup; Daniel J. Lawson; Simon Rasmussen; Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen; Kurt H. Kjær; Richard Durbin; Rasmus Nielsen; Olivier Delaneau; Thomas Werge; Kristian Kristiansen; Eske Willerslev

doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3

100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark

Morten E. Allentoft^*, Martin Sikora^*, Anders Fischer, Karl Göran Sjögren, Andrés Ingason, Ruairidh Macleod, Anders Rosengren, Bettina Schulz Paulsson, Marie Louise Schjellerup Jørkov, Maria Novosolov, Jesper Stenderup, T. Douglas Price, Morten Fischer Mortensen, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, Mikkel Ulfeldt Hede, Lasse Sørensen, Poul Otto Nielsen, Peter Rasmussen, Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen, Alba Refoyo-MartínezEvan K. Irving-Pease, William Barrie, Alice Pearson, Bárbara Sousa da Mota, Fabrice Demeter, Rasmus A. Henriksen, Tharsika Vimala, Hugh McColl, Andrew Vaughn, Lasse Vinner, Gabriel Renaud, Aaron Stern, Niels Nørkjær Johannsen, Abigail Daisy Ramsøe, Andrew Joseph Schork, Anthony Ruter, Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen, Bjarne Henning Nielsen, Erik Brinch Petersen, Esben Kannegaard, Jesper Hansen, Kristoffer Buck Pedersen, Lisbeth Pedersen, Lutz Klassen, Morten Meldgaard, Morten Johansen, Otto Christian Uldum, Per Lotz, Per Lysdahl, Pernille Bangsgaard, Peter Vang Petersen, Rikke Maring, Rune Iversen, Sidsel Wåhlin, Søren Anker Sørensen, Søren H. Andersen, Thomas Jørgensen, Niels Lynnerup, Daniel J. Lawson, Simon Rasmussen, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen, Kurt H. Kjær, Richard Durbin, Rasmus Nielsen, Olivier Delaneau, Thomas Werge, Kristian Kristiansen, Eske Willerslev^*

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avis › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

14 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales^1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution^5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (¹³C and ¹⁵N content), mobility (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Nature
Vol/bind	625
Nummer	7994
Sider (fra-til)	329-337
Antal sider	9
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3
Status	Udgivet - jan. 2024

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10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3Licens: CC BY

Citationsformater

Allentoft, M. E., Sikora, M., Fischer, A., Sjögren, K. G., Ingason, A., Macleod, R., Rosengren, A., Schulz Paulsson, B., Jørkov, M. L. S., Novosolov, M., Stenderup, J., Price, T. D., Fischer Mortensen, M., Nielsen, A. B., Ulfeldt Hede, M., Sørensen, L., Nielsen, P. O., Rasmussen, P., Jensen, T. Z. T., ... Willerslev, E. (2024). 100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark. Nature, 625(7994), 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3

@article{36e20316953f4b7e8bf87d9b68312937,

title = "100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark",

abstract = "Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Erteb{\o}lle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.",

keywords = "Culture, Datasets as Topic, Denmark/ethnology, Diet/history, Emigrants and Immigrants/history, Farmers/history, Genome, Human/genetics, Genomics, Genotype, History, Ancient, Human Migration/history, Humans, Hunting/history, Phenotype, Pollen, Scandinavians and Nordic People/genetics",

author = "Allentoft, {Morten E.} and Martin Sikora and Anders Fischer and Sj{\"o}gren, {Karl G{\"o}ran} and Andr{\'e}s Ingason and Ruairidh Macleod and Anders Rosengren and {Schulz Paulsson}, Bettina and J{\o}rkov, {Marie Louise Schjellerup} and Maria Novosolov and Jesper Stenderup and Price, {T. Douglas} and {Fischer Mortensen}, Morten and Nielsen, {Anne Birgitte} and {Ulfeldt Hede}, Mikkel and Lasse S{\o}rensen and Nielsen, {Poul Otto} and Peter Rasmussen and Jensen, {Theis Zetner Trolle} and Alba Refoyo-Mart{\'i}nez and Irving-Pease, {Evan K.} and William Barrie and Alice Pearson and {Sousa da Mota}, B{\'a}rbara and Fabrice Demeter and Henriksen, {Rasmus A.} and Tharsika Vimala and Hugh McColl and Andrew Vaughn and Lasse Vinner and Gabriel Renaud and Aaron Stern and Johannsen, {Niels N{\o}rkj{\ae}r} and Rams{\o}e, {Abigail Daisy} and Schork, {Andrew Joseph} and Anthony Ruter and Gotfredsen, {Anne Birgitte} and {Henning Nielsen}, Bjarne and {Brinch Petersen}, Erik and Esben Kannegaard and Jesper Hansen and {Buck Pedersen}, Kristoffer and Lisbeth Pedersen and Lutz Klassen and Morten Meldgaard and Morten Johansen and Uldum, {Otto Christian} and Per Lotz and Per Lysdahl and Pernille Bangsgaard and Petersen, {Peter Vang} and Rikke Maring and Rune Iversen and Sidsel W{\aa}hlin and {Anker S{\o}rensen}, S{\o}ren and Andersen, {S{\o}ren H.} and Thomas J{\o}rgensen and Niels Lynnerup and Lawson, {Daniel J.} and Simon Rasmussen and Korneliussen, {Thorfinn Sand} and Kj{\ae}r, {Kurt H.} and Richard Durbin and Rasmus Nielsen and Olivier Delaneau and Thomas Werge and Kristian Kristiansen and Eske Willerslev",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024, The Author(s).",

year = "2024",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3",

language = "English",

volume = "625",

pages = "329--337",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "7994",

}

Allentoft, ME, Sikora, M, Fischer, A, Sjögren, KG, Ingason, A, Macleod, R, Rosengren, A, Schulz Paulsson, B, Jørkov, MLS, Novosolov, M, Stenderup, J, Price, TD, Fischer Mortensen, M, Nielsen, AB, Ulfeldt Hede, M, Sørensen, L, Nielsen, PO, Rasmussen, P, Jensen, TZT, Refoyo-Martínez, A, Irving-Pease, EK, Barrie, W, Pearson, A, Sousa da Mota, B, Demeter, F, Henriksen, RA, Vimala, T, McColl, H, Vaughn, A, Vinner, L, Renaud, G, Stern, A, Johannsen, NN, Ramsøe, AD, Schork, AJ, Ruter, A, Gotfredsen, AB, Henning Nielsen, B, Brinch Petersen, E, Kannegaard, E, Hansen, J, Buck Pedersen, K, Pedersen, L, Klassen, L, Meldgaard, M, Johansen, M, Uldum, OC, Lotz, P, Lysdahl, P, Bangsgaard, P, Petersen, PV, Maring, R, Iversen, R, Wåhlin, S, Anker Sørensen, S, Andersen, SH, Jørgensen, T, Lynnerup, N, Lawson, DJ, Rasmussen, S, Korneliussen, TS, Kjær, KH, Durbin, R, Nielsen, R, Delaneau, O, Werge, T, Kristiansen, K & Willerslev, E 2024, '100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark', Nature, bind 625, nr. 7994, s. 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3

TY - JOUR

T1 - 100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark

AU - Allentoft, Morten E.

AU - Sikora, Martin

AU - Fischer, Anders

AU - Sjögren, Karl Göran

AU - Ingason, Andrés

AU - Macleod, Ruairidh

AU - Rosengren, Anders

AU - Schulz Paulsson, Bettina

AU - Jørkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup

AU - Novosolov, Maria

AU - Stenderup, Jesper

AU - Price, T. Douglas

AU - Fischer Mortensen, Morten

AU - Nielsen, Anne Birgitte

AU - Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel

AU - Sørensen, Lasse

AU - Nielsen, Poul Otto

AU - Rasmussen, Peter

AU - Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle

AU - Refoyo-Martínez, Alba

AU - Irving-Pease, Evan K.

AU - Barrie, William

AU - Pearson, Alice

AU - Sousa da Mota, Bárbara

AU - Demeter, Fabrice

AU - Henriksen, Rasmus A.

AU - Vimala, Tharsika

AU - McColl, Hugh

AU - Vaughn, Andrew

AU - Vinner, Lasse

AU - Renaud, Gabriel

AU - Stern, Aaron

AU - Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær

AU - Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy

AU - Schork, Andrew Joseph

AU - Ruter, Anthony

AU - Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte

AU - Henning Nielsen, Bjarne

AU - Brinch Petersen, Erik

AU - Kannegaard, Esben

AU - Hansen, Jesper

AU - Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer

AU - Pedersen, Lisbeth

AU - Klassen, Lutz

AU - Meldgaard, Morten

AU - Johansen, Morten

AU - Uldum, Otto Christian

AU - Lotz, Per

AU - Lysdahl, Per

AU - Bangsgaard, Pernille

AU - Petersen, Peter Vang

AU - Maring, Rikke

AU - Iversen, Rune

AU - Wåhlin, Sidsel

AU - Anker Sørensen, Søren

AU - Andersen, Søren H.

AU - Jørgensen, Thomas

AU - Lynnerup, Niels

AU - Lawson, Daniel J.

AU - Rasmussen, Simon

AU - Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand

AU - Kjær, Kurt H.

AU - Durbin, Richard

AU - Nielsen, Rasmus

AU - Delaneau, Olivier

AU - Werge, Thomas

AU - Kristiansen, Kristian

AU - Willerslev, Eske

PY - 2024/1

Y1 - 2024/1

N2 - Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.

AB - Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.

KW - Culture

KW - Datasets as Topic

KW - Denmark/ethnology

KW - Diet/history

KW - Emigrants and Immigrants/history

KW - Farmers/history

KW - Genome, Human/genetics

KW - Genomics

KW - Genotype

KW - History, Ancient

KW - Human Migration/history

KW - Humans

KW - Hunting/history

KW - Phenotype

KW - Pollen

KW - Scandinavians and Nordic People/genetics

U2 - 10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3

DO - 10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38200294

AN - SCOPUS:85181852344

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 625

SP - 329

EP - 337

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7994

ER -

100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark

Abstract

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