PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To give a comprehensive overview of the recently published studies on the role of the lectin pathway in coagulation, infections and auto-immunity. RECENT FINDINGS: We present the status quo picture of the lectin pathway, including the newly discovered member, MAp44 (a.k.a. MAP-1), which may act as a specific regulator of activation. On the functional side the focus is on the important discoveries of the connections between the coagulation system and mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases, newly discovered associations between the lectin pathway and infectious diseases, especially among neonates, the recent findings of the involvement of mannan-binding lectin and ficolins in auto-immune disorders, and novel therapeutic avenues. The involvement of the lectin pathway in ischemia-reperfusion injuries and transplantations is discussed elsewhere in this issue. SUMMARY: The emerging picture of the lectin pathway is that it may play a role in the case of concomitant impairments of cellular and adaptive immunity, as seen in the case of premature infants, neonates, neutropenic cancer patients and the like. Considering the near-exponential increase in interest for the lectin pathway and its intricacies in recent years, the future of the field seems promising.